Wellhead & X-mas Tree

Overview of Equipment

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Tubing head and X-mas tree

Tubing head
Surface equipment from which the tubing is suspended

Xmas tree or valve array

Used to control well during production Mounted above wellhead

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Tubing Hanger/Xmas Tree Interface

Tubing hanger extends inside base of Xmas tree

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Tubinghead Functions
Primary functions of tubinghead

Suspend tubing with hanger

Provide a hydraulic seal between tubing and annulus

Provide access port(s) to annulus Provide mounting for Xmas tree

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Xmas Trees

Primary flow control system for well once in production Features and access requirements
Outflow from well - production Inflow to well - injection or killing Vertical access to tubing - wireline, etc. Access for electrical cables or hydraulic conduits
e.g. ESP or safety valve

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Tubing Head & X-Mas Tree

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Xmas Tree Components

Pressure gauges
allow well pressures to be monitored

Gauge flange or tree cap

provides seal for top of tree

Swab valve (lubricator valve)

isolate pressure, well access for intervention tools

Flow tee
used to direct flow, enable thru-tubing access

Production wing valve

used to isolate well for most routine operations
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Xmas Tree Components

Kill wing valve

enables connection of pumping equipment

Choke
controls rate of flow from well

Master valves (main isolation valves)

Upper Master Valve (operational valve) hydraulically controlled Surface Safety Valve Lower Master Valve (back-up valve) manually operated

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SUMMARY OF ELECTRIC AND SLICKLINE JOBS

FLOWLINE

ANNULUS LINE

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SUMMARY OF ELECTRIC AND SLICKLINE JOBS

WIRELINE UPPER SHEAVE HYDRAULIC PACKOFF

SHIFTING TOOL TO OPEN/CLOSE SLIDING SLEEVES (S) AMERADA BOMB/THERMOMETER FOR PRESSURE/TEMP. PROFILES, MULTIRATE TESTS, PRESSURE BUILD UP TESTS (S) THRU TUBING PERFORATING GUN (E) PRODUCTION LOGGING TOOLS (E)

LUBRICATOR

GREASE TUBE CABLE

TOOL
T
WIRELINE BOP

SETTING PLUGS, SAFETY VALES, GASLIFT VALVES, (S) FLUID SAMPLER (S)

SAND BAILER (S)

PULLING TOOLS (S) IMPRESSION BLOCK (S)
FLOWLINE

SCRAPERS (S)

TUBING CALIPER (S)

ANNULUS LINE

FISHING TOOLS (S) E: ELETRICAL LINE S: SLICK LINE

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10

Spool and Hanger

Thread for plug or check valve

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11

Hangers for Dual Completion

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12

Well cluster in shallow water

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Categories of Xmas Tree

Flanged tree
Several flanged components (leak paths) Much more common than monoblock design More flexible than monoblock design takes up more space (height) Single block construction Fewer possible leak paths Used in high pressure/leak sensitive locations More expensive than flanged tree
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Monoblock construction tree

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Flanged Xmas Tree

Tree cap and gauge
Kill valve or service valve with blank plate during normal service Upper master valve (operational valve) Lower master valve (back-up) Swab valve Choke Production wing valve

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Monoblock Xmas Tree

Comprises inline or "Y" shaped block of single casting/forging Valving arrangement

Lower Master Valve (manual) Upper Master Valve (Surface Safety Valve) Y piece or side outlet flanges
houses both production and kill wing valves

Uppermost valve (manual swab valve)

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Monoblock Xmas Tree

Tree cap and gauge
Swab valve

Kill wing valve

Production wing valve

Upper Master Valve

Lower Master Valve

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17

Well in Cellar

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Tree hook-up

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Multiple Completions
Cases where more than one completion string installed

Each string independently suspended

Must seal off tubing casing annulus

either independently or collectively

Independent control of fluid flow in each string

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Multiple Completion Tree

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Tree-Saver
To protect X-mas tree against high pressures during frac jobs etc. Stroke length up to 5 ft

Rating 15000 PSI

Connection to x-mas tree Seal element for hanger or tubing

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