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Agent
An element or a substance animate or inanimate, the presence or absence of which may initiate or perpetuate a disease process
Biological
Infectivity Pathogenicity Virulence
Physical Chemical
Exogenous Endogenous
Mechanical
Agents
Nutrients Poisons Allergens Radiation Physical trauma Microbes Psychological experiences
Characteristics of Agent
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Infectivity Pathogenicity Virulence Toxigenicity Resistance Antigenicity
Predisposition to Infections
(Host Factors) Gender
Genetics
Climate and Weather
Stomach Acidity
Hygiene
Chain of Infection
Nutritive Element
Physical agents
1 3
Chemical agents 2 7 6
Others factors
(Genetic/ immunological
Mechanical agents
Social agents
Biological agents
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HOST
A person or another living animal including birds and arthropods that affords subsistence and lodgment to an infectious agent under natural conditions.
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Age Sex
Marital status
Host Factor
Factors which make the person susceptible to a disease.
Demographic Characteristics Biological Characteristics Life Style Factors
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Host susceptibility
A person or animal presumably not possessing sufficient resistance against a particular pathogenic agent to prevent contracting infection or disease if or when exposed to the agent.
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TYPES OF HOST
Definitive Host
Hosts in which parasite attains maturity or passes its sexual stage, are primary or definitive hosts.
Intermediate Host
Hosts in which the parasite is in larval or asexual stage, are secondary or intermediate Hosts.
Propagative Host
A transport or Propagative host, is the one in which, the organism remains but does not undergo development.
Cyclo - Propagative
The agent changes in form and number, e.g. malaria 15 parasites in mosquito.
Host Factors
Genetic endowment
Immunologic state Age Personal behavior
The Environment
Domain in which the disease-causing agent may exist, survive or originate. Acts as a reservoir or niche that fosters the survival of infectious disease agents. The reservoir may be a part of the physical environment or may reside in animals or insects (vectors) or other human beings (human reservoir host) External Environment: physical, biologic, social, economic components
Physical environment
Biologic environment
Socioeconomic environment
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Environmental Factor
(aggregate of all external conditions and influences affecting the life and development of an organism, human behavior or society)
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Environment
Crowding Atmosphere Modes of communication phenomena in the environment that bring host and agent together, such as:
Vector Vehicle Reservoir
Epidemiological Triad
Environment
Agent
Host
Agent
Biological
Infectivitiy Pathogenicity Virulence
Nutrient Physical Chemical Mechanical Absence or insufficiency or excess of a factor necessary to health Social
Host
Demographic Biological Social and economic Lifestyle
Environment
Physical
Biological Psycho-social
Weather Housing
Environment
Geography
Occupational setting
Air quality
Health status