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UTRAN ARCHITECTURE
TX
RX
Spreading
1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 1 -1
Many code channels are individually spread and then added together to create a composite signal
Processing Gain
Broadband Interference Unwanted Power from Other Resoures
S P E A K Encoding S S P P E E A A K K
Decoding
URRBBOO
S S PPEE A? KK
WTS???
Decoding
Deinterleaving ? ? ? C U P
RF Transmitting
Despreading
Demodulation
RF Receiving
Baseband demodulation
UE Data
Data
3.84Mcps 3.84Mcps
Spread Data
OVSF Code
Scrambling Code
Code Functions
Channelization code ---- for separation of physical channels in the uplink and separation of users in the downlink Scrambling code ---- for separation of users/terminals in the uplink and cells/sectors in the downlink.
Channelization Code
Adopt OVSF code
Definition: Cch,SF,k, describe channelization code, where SF : spread factor k : code number, 0 < k<SF-1
C ch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1)
C ch,2,0 = (1,1) C ch,4,1 = (1,1, -1, - 1)
C ch,1,0 = (1)
C ch,4,2 = (1, - 1 ,1, - 1) C ch,2,1 = (1,-1) C ch,4,3 = (1, - 1, - 1, 1) SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4
No. 511 Scrambling Code No.0 Primary Scrambling Code Group Group No. 7 Scrambling Code No. 510 Scrambling Code 8176 PSC Group Group 8177SSC No. 1 Scrambling Code 504 Scrambling Code 112 8176 PSC 8160No. 8160 Group Group No. 0 Scrambling Code 113 8177 8191 8191 SSC 8161 8161 Group 16 16 PSC 8064 8064 127 8191 17 17SSC 81758065 81758065 0 0PSC 1 1SSC 31 31SSC 8079 8079 15 15SSC 8176 8177
RSSI Total Power over the 5MHZ spectrum RSCP Power of a single code in the 5MHZ spectrum Ec/No - RSCP in dBm RSSI in dBm or Ec/No = RSCP/RSSI always ve. Useful upto -15dB. CQI Channel Quality Indicator-UE communicates its ability of transfer rate depending on quality of channel Eb/No Ratio of bit energy to Noise (After dispreading)Always positive. Throughput rate of data transfer RLC Throughput throughput over physical channel LLC Throughput Throughput over logical channel Application Throughput Actual Throughput the user feels
Power Control
CDMA is not a new technology Power control is a key technology of CDMA system Power control is the key path for launching the large scale CDMA commercial network
CDMA is a typical self-interference system, thus the chief principle is that any potential surplus transmitted power for service must be controlled.
Whats
When UE is moving from the coverage area of one site to another, or the quality of service is declined by external interference during a service, the service must be handed over to an idle channel for sustaining the service. Handover is used to guarantee the continuity of service
Category of Handover
Soft handover (SHO)
Softer handover
UTRAN demands the UE to start measurement through issuing a measurement control message.
UTRAN makes the decision based on the measurement reports from UE. The implementation of handover decision is various for different vendors. It impacts on the system performance critically.
Handover execution
UTRAN and UE execute different handover procedure according to the handover command .
Monitored Set:
A set of cells that are not in the active set but are monitored according to the list of adjacent cells assigned by the UTRAN.
Detected Set:
A set of cells that are neither in the active set nor in the monitor set.
1A
1B 1C 1D 1E
1F
Limitations of UMTS Interference Code congestion Power Congestion Processor(Channel Elements) limitations
Channel Type
Physical channel Transport channel Logical channel
UE
Node B
RNC
Logical Channels
Control Channel (CCH)
Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) Paging Control Channel (PCCH) Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) Common Control Channel (CCCH)
Transport Channel
Common Transport Channels Broadcast Channel (BCH) Paging Channel (PCH) Random Access Channel (RACH) Forward Access Channel (FACH) Common Packet Channel (CPCH) Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH) Dedicated Transport Channels Dedicated Channel (DCH)
Physical Channel
Uplink Physical Channels Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH) Dedicated Physical Channel (DPCH) Downlink Physical Channels Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH) Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH) Synchronization Channel (SCH) Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) Acquisition Indication Channel (AICH)
Mapping relationship
Transport Channels
DCH
Physical Channels
Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH)
RACH CPCH
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH) Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH) Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)
Synchronization Channel (SCH) DSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) Acquisition Indication Channel (AICH) Page Indication Channel (PICH)
Cell Search
UE has to get the system information before it registers with the network and access to services. The system information is beared in the BCH channel, and its data is mapped into the Primary CCPCH. So the cell search procedure is mainly to decode the data of P-CCPCH.
After the primary scrambling code has been identified, the Primary CCPCH can be detected so that the cell specific BCH information can be read.
RACH procedure
UE decodes BCH to find out the available RACH sub-channels and their scrambling codes and signatures It selects randomly one of the available sub-channels and signatures The downlink power is measured and the initial RACH power level is set with a proper margin due to open loop inaccuracy UE transmits 1 ms long preamble with the selected signature Node B replies by repeating the preamble using Acquisition Indication Channel (AICH) UE decodes AICH message to see whether the NodeB has detected the preamble
If AICH is not detected, the preamble is resend with 1 dB higher transmit power If AICH is detected, a 10 or 20 ms long message part is transmitted with the same power as the last preamble