SPT, CPT, PLAT BEARING TEST AND TRIAL PIT

STANDARD PENETRATION TEST

WHAT IS SPT?
Dynamic penetration test carried out using a standard procedure which described in BS 1377-9: 1990 As an indicator of the density and compressibility of granular

HOW SPT WORK?

Use a thick-walled sample tube.

Driven into the ground at the bottom of the

borehole by blows Blow count gives an indication of the density of the ground the small sample that is recovered will have suffered some disturbance but can normally be used for identification purposes.

WHY USED SPT?

To provide an indication of the relative density of granular deposits, such as sands and gravels from which it is virtually impossible to obtain undisturbed samples. simple and inexpensive

CONE PENETRATION TEST

WHAT IS CONE PENETRATION TEST?

Cone penetrations is a in-situ method of obtaining information of soil properties. Originally developed to test limited number of soil properties. It was initially used in 1950 at the Dutch lab for soil mechanics so that it has also been call Dutch Cone Test.

BACKGROUND OF CPT
CPT nowadays is the most used and accepted in-situ test method for soil investigation world wide. It is to determine the geotechnical engineering properties of soils.

CONE PENETRATION TEST CAN IN PRINCIPLE BE USED TO EVALUATE: type of soil soil density and in-situ stress conditions shear strength parameters. the liquid limit and plastic limit of soil sample material properties

HOW CPT WORK?

The test is performed using a cylindrical penetrometer with a conical tip (cone) penetrating the ground at a constant rate. During the penetration, the forces on the cone and the friction sleeve are measured. The measurements are carried out using electronic transfer and data logging, with a measurement frequency that can secure detailed information about the soil conditions. The test method consists of pushing an instrumented cone, with the tip facing down, into the ground at a controlled rate (controlled between 1.5 -2.5 cm/s accepted).

HOW CPT WORK?

EQUIPMENT OF CPT

A cylindrical probe with a con-shaped tip with different sensors that allow continuous measurement of soil strength and characteristics.

TRIAL PIT

TRIAL PIT
An excavation of ground in order to study or sample the composition and structure of the subsurface. Expensive, take time to excavate and are not always as informative as expected.

Dug during a site investigation, a soil survey or a geological survey. Dug before the construction. (to determine the geology and the water table of that site)

Starting size for a pit depends on the depth it is to be sunk Decide the depth and information to be sought and whether other means before start the trial pit. 1 and 4 meter deep. Dug by hand or using a mechanical digger.

Can be extended into tranches to trance any particular feature. (very efficient and economical) Rapid check on the condition of the ground can be check if there is no side support. (unsafe but the technician can prepare a visual log of strata)

Tube samples can be driven into the floor of the pit using a jarring link drill rods.

In-situ-testing also can be carried out. (must do fast before the pits collapse)

Vane Shear Strength Test

Since open pits can be hazard to others, it is encouraged to backfill pits as soon as possible. There is an advantage if we leaving pits fenced, shored and open. ( allow the excavated surface to partially dry)

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

Preferred for cohesive soil and soft rock Showing clear land strata to facilitate rough inspections Easy dug / excavated using diggers

Depth is limited Deeper excavation will require the human energy

TRIAL PITTING SAFETY GUIDANCE

A competent person must supervise the work and operatives must be given clear instructions on working safely when near excavations. If there is a risk of contact with buried services then up-to-date utility drawings must be consulted prior to carrying out any ground-works.

A cable avoidance tool should be used to locate the buried cables and a hand dug trial pit shall be excavated if in doubt. The excavated sides must be prevented from collapse either by digging a safe angle or by shoring with timber or support systems. Whenever possible, the workings should be covered outside work hours.

THANK YOU

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