Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
OVERVIEW
• SITUATIONAL AWARENESS
• ELEMENTS OF SITUATIONAL
AWARENESS
• HUMAN ERROR & THE ERROR
CHAIN
• DEGRADATION TO SITUATIONAL
AWARENESS
• THE DYNAMICS OF SITUATIONAL
AWARENESS
• WAYS TO MAINTAIN SITUATIONAL
Indicators of HIGH SA
– Precision in…………..
9. Ambiguity
10. Unresolved
discrepancies
11. “BAD FEELING”
AIRPORT Tend to occur sequentially
May or may not be related to each
other ACCIDENT
May not be readily apparent to the
Haz08 MHS Kerteh Trg Dept
Clues to Loss of Situational
Awareness
• Low Stress Level
– Lack of alertness
– Loss of recognition of warning signals
– Reduced ability to quickly & correctly
• High Stress Level
– Low levels of situational awareness
– Information overload
• Ambiguity
– Information can be interpreted in more
than one way
24
39
34
WH
Haz08 MHS Kerteh Trg Dept
Confluence of Factors in a CFIT Accident
(Bradley, 1995)
Aircraft struck
trees
Haz08 MHS 310 feetTrg
Kerteh below
Dept MDA
Forget to Act (LOST SA) in Six Prototypical Situations
§ Interruptions
• e.g., Controller interrupted before turning aircraft onto final
#
• e.g., Modified standard instrument departure.
Haz08 MHS Kerteh Trg Dept
Haz08 MHS Kerteh Trg Dept
CFIT Countermeasures
Countermeasures for CFIT prevention can be grouped
in two main categories: