Summer Training Report on Indian railways

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SAURABH SINGH

EC-B(7th Sem) 10153 31091

Contents

Introduction Principles of Train Working & Need of Signaling Multiple Aspect Colour Lightening Solid State Interlocking Computerized Passenger Reservation System Interactive Voice Response System Microwave Communication General Microwave Setup Applications of Microwave in Railways Communication Conclusion

Introduction
Indian Railways is the 4th largest railway network in the world.

Indian Railway has four zones, which are further divided into divisions. Gorakhpur is the zonal headquarter of North-Eastern Railways zone. The formal inauguration ceremony of IR was performed on 16th April 1853 with the first passenger train steamed out of Howrah station destined for Hooghly, a distance of 36 km . It runs 12,000 trains every day. It is fuel efficient system.

Practical Training under NER

We've studied about the following operational technologies in the

IR

Module 1:Railway signaling & Signal workshop Module 2 : Data Logging Module 3 : Computerized Passenger Reservation System Module 4:Microwave Communication

Principles of Train Working & Need Of Signaling

All over the world Railway transportation is

increasingly used, as this mode of transport is more energy efficient and environmentally friendly than road transportation. path is to be fully guided and there is no arrangement of steering.

Trains move on specific tracks called rails, their

To safely receive & dispatch trains at station.

Railway Signaling & Signal Workshop Signal:

Signal is a medium to convey a particular predetermined meaning in nonverbal form. Trains uses signaling to control movement of trains on tracks and divides tracks into several sections which are protected by the signals. In case of a failure like a broken wire, power supply failure & failure of the source, the detector will lose the signal and conclude the section is occupied by a train.

SIGNAL WORKSHOP

In the signal workshop of Northern Railway, New Delhi following machine are manufactured which are used as a part of signaling system: 1.Electric point machine 2.Relays Points are provided to divert the running trains from one track to another. The points have movable switches which can be operated electrically by a point machine. Relay is also an electrical switch.

Data Logging
Data logging is a technique to continuously monitoring of tracks & trains. Data loggers can operate independently of computer, unlike other type of data acqisition devices. Data logger is a device that can read the electrical signals & store that data in computers.

Data loggers range includes single channel fixed function loggers to programmable loggers handling hundred of inputs.

Computerized Passenger Reservation System

It facilitates booking & cancelling of tickets from all over the country. There are mainly 5 servers in india for PRS. These are New Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai,Mumbai & Sikandrabad. Equipments used in PRS Modem Multiplexing Equipments End Terminal

CONCERT
(Country Wide Network of
Computerised Enhanced Reservation and Ticketing )
1 64 KBPS Leased Line6

Integrates five
Delhi 1 64 KBPS PRS Leased
Line6 1 2MBPS Leased line

CRIS

1 2MBPS Leased line 2 MBPS (x2) Leased Line

kolka ta PRS

Mum bai PRS 64 KBPS

Leased Line

64 KBPS (x2) Leased Line 64 KBPS Leased Line 1 2MBPS Leased line

Secund erabad PRS 64 KBPS

(X 2) Leased Line

Chenn ai PRS

Regional Reservation Centres Judicious mix local autonomy with uniformity of business rules. Very complex Business transactions. Comprehensive

Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS)

Interaction between telephone & computer is called IVRS. Informations available in Computer is retrived by user in form of voice. IVRS system consist of Data Entry Terminal Modem IVRS Terminal

Unreserved Ticketing System (UTS)

The work load involved in printing , accounting and issuing tickets to this mega segment has been a difficult task Railways had also introduced electro-mechanical printing devices and also SPTM machines. But these methods had limitations

Printed card tickets have been in vogue since the beginning.

Indian railways introduced UTS to improve customer satisfaction, revenue generation, accounting, and reporting capabilities and reduce fraud

Microwave Communication

The international telecommunications system relies on microwave and satellite links for long-distance international calls. Microwaves are electromagnetic waves whose frequencies range from 1 GHz to 1000 GHz. Before the advent of fiber optics, these microwaves formed the heart of the long distance telephone transmission system.

Ffig :- Microowave Communication

Microwave Transmitter & Receiver :

The voice, video, or data channels are combined by a technique known as multiplexing to produce a BB signal. This signal is frequency modulated to an IF and then up converted (heterodyned) to the RF for transmission through the atmosphere. The reverse process occurs at the receiver. The microwave transmission frequencies are within the approximate range 2 to 24 GHz.

Application of Microwave in Indian Railways:

controlling of trains. to give correct running and stopping information of the trains. Stations on average of 40 km can communicate with each other by microwave.

Conclusion
The project mainly revolves around PRS, Data Logging &

Microwave Communication.

The project deals with modern technologies attributes &

scope of implementation in INDIAN RAILWAYS.