THERMAL POWER PLANT WORKING & EQUIPMENTS

By

M.V.Pande Dy. Director N.P.T.I., Nagpur

Inputs & Outputs for 1000 MW Power Station

Costing of Thermal Power Generation

28% Fuel Cost 66% Capital Cost

6%

Operating Cost

Energy Conversion Process in TPS

Energy Conversion Efficiency

100%

39%

61%

Heat Input

Electrical Energy

Heat Rejected

Modified Rankine Cycle

Energy Balance

Coal to Electricity Process

Feed Water & Steam Flow Diagram

Tangential Corner Coal Firing Arrangement

Coal Burner

Flame

Plasma Igniter Muffle

Pulverised Coal & Air Mixture

Gas + Steam: Combined Cycle

Main Areas in Power Station

Boiler Plant House Turbine Generator House Switch Yard Coal Handling Plant Oil Handling Plant Water Treatment Plant Cooling Towers & Cooling Water Pump House Ash Handling Plant

Thermal Power Station Layout

Boiler & Turbine House

Power Plant Structure

Boiler & Auxiliaries

Boiler Furnace & Pressure Parts Rotary Air Preheaters: 2 nos. Forced Draft Fans: 2 nos. Induced Draft Fans: 2 nos. Primary Air Fans: 6 nos. Seal Air (3 nos.) & Scanner Air Fans (3 nos.) Coal Mills (Pulverisers): 6 nos. Electrstatic Precipitators

PF Boiler

Pulverised Fuel Boiler

500 MW Coal Fired Boiler

Oil & Gas Fired Boiler

Coal Pulverisers

Drum Type Coal Mill

Steam Turbines
Single Cylinder Turbines are employed for Industrial purpose & Multi-cylinder Turbines for utility power generation Power generation turbines are designed for constant speed operation Turbine efficiency varies from 85-90% Tandem compounded arrangement is generally adopted for utility turbines

Steam Turbine Working

Single Cylinder Modular Turbine

Single Cylinder Steam Turbine

210 MW Utility Steam Turbine

LP Turbine IP Turbine HP Turbine Bearing Gen. End

Foundation

Condenser

Steam Turbine Fixed & Moving Blades

Barrel Casing Inner Casing

Balance Piston

Gland

Moving Blades

Steam Inlet

Barrel Type HP Turbine

Steam Exhaust

Inlet Outer Casing Inner Casing

Double Flow IP Turbine

Rotor

Exhaust Inlet

Outer Casing Last Stage Rotor Blades

Atmospheric Relief Diaphragms

Inner Casing

Steam Inlet

Double Flow LP Turbine

Reaction Type KWU HP Turbine Rotor

Impulse-Reaction Type HPT Rotor

KWU LP Turbine Rotor

KWU IP Turbine Rotor Placed in Casing

Turbine Auxiliaries
Condenser Steam Ejectors: 2+1 Condensate Extraction Pumps: 1+1 L.P.Heaters: 3 Deaerator: 1 Boiler Feed Pumps: 2+1 H.P.Heaters: 2 Turbine Oil Pumps: M.O.P.+2A.O.P.+E.O.P.+2J.O.P

3.5 MW Boiler Feed Pump

3.5 MW Boiler Feed Pump Installation

Condenser

Cooling Towers

Main Oil Tank & Pumps

500 MW Turbine Generator Unit

Steam Turbine Governing System

Plant Control Room in 1990s

Modern Control Room with DCS