A Training Presentation On The N7

The New Seven
Q.C. Tools
A Training Presentation on the
N7
By Christopher Diaz
What are the
New Seven Q.C. Tools
❶ Affinity Diagrams
❷ Relations Diagrams
❸ Tree Diagrams
❹ Matrix Diagrams
❺ Arrow Diagrams
❻ Process Decision Program Charts
❼ Matrix Data Analysis

History of the
Slide 1 0f 2
➲ Committee of J.U.S.E. - 1972

➲ Aim was to develop more QC
techniques with design approach
➲ Work in conjunction with original
Basic Seven Tools
➲ New set of methods (N7) - 1977
History of the
Slide 2 0f 2
➲ Developed to organize verbal data

diagrammatically.
➲ Basic 7 tools effective for data
analysis, process control, and
quality improvement (numerical
data)
➲ Used together increases TQM
effectiveness
What are the
Basic Seven Q.C. Tools?
❶ Flow Charts
❷ Run Charts
❸ Histograms
❹ Pareto Diagrams
❺ Cause and Effect Diagrams
❻ Scatter Diagrams
❼ Control Charts
Relation Between New Seven
Q.C. Tools and Basic Seven
Tools
Define problem after Define problem before

collecting numerical data collecting numerical data
•Analytical approach •Generate Ideas

•Formulate plans
Source: Nayatani, Y., The Seven New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984)
Benefits of Incorporating
Slide 1 0f 4
Enhanced Capabilities
❶ Organize verbal data
❷ Generate ideas
❸ Improve planning
❹ Eliminate errors and omissions
❺ Explain problems intelligibly
❻ Secure full cooperation
❼ Persuade powerfully
Slide 2 0f 4
Enhanced Keys to Organizational

❶ Reform
Assess situations from various
❷ angles
Clarify the desired situation
❸ Prioritize tasks effectively
❹ Proceed systematically
❺ Anticipate future events
❻ Change proactively
❼ Get things right the first time
Slide 3 0f 4
Five Objectives of Organizational

Reform
which
❶ will establish
Identifies problemsa Culture that:
❷ Gives importance to planning
❸ Stresses the importance of the
process tasks
❹ Prioritizes
❺ Encourages everyone to think
systematically
Slide 4 0f 4
Unstructured Problem
The Seven New Tools
Problem is in solvable form

Affinity Diagrams
Slide 1 0f 7
For Pinpointing the Problem in a

Chaotic
Situation
➲ Gathers and Generating
large amountsSolution
of
Strategies
intertwined verbal data (ideas, opinions,
issues)
➲ Organizes the data into groups

based on natural relationship
➲ Makes it feasible for further
analysis and to find a solution to
Affinity Diagrams
Slide 2 0f 7
Advantages of Affinity Diagrams

➲ Facilitates breakthrough thinking and
stimulate fresh ideas
➲ Permits the problem to be pinned
down accurately
➲ Ensures everyone clearly recognizes
the problem
➲ Incorporates opinions of entire group
Affinity Diagrams
Slide 3 0f 7
Advantages of Affinity Diagrams (cont.)
➲ Fosters team spirit

➲ Raises everyone’s level of awareness
➲ Spurs to the group into action
Topic
Affinity Diagrams
Slide 4 0f 7
Constructing an Affinity Diagram

Group Method Approach
❶ Select a topic
❷ Collect verbal data by
❸ brainstorming
Discuss info collected until
everyone understands it
thoroughly
❹ Write each item on separate data
❺ card
Spread out all cards on table
Affinity Diagrams
Slide 5 0f 7

Group Method Approach (cont.)
❻ Move data cards into groups of

similar themes (natural affinity for each
❼ other)
Combine statements on data cards
to new Affinity statement
❽ Make new card with Affinity
❾ Continue
statementto combine until less than
5 groups
Affinity Diagrams
Slide 6 0f 7

❿Lay the groups outs, keeping the

affinity clusters together
Next, complete the diagram
Affinity Diagrams
Slide 7 0f 7
Completing an Affinity Diagram
Topic
Relations Diagrams
Slide 1 0f 7
For Finding Solutions Strategies by

Clarifying
Relationships with Complex
➲ Resolves tangled issues by
Interrelated
Causes
unraveling the logical connection
➲ Allows for “Multi-directional”
thinking rather than linear
➲ Also known as Interrelationship
diagrams
Relations Diagrams
Slide 2 0f 7
Advantages of Relations Diagrams

➲ Useful at planning stage for obtaining
perspective on overall situation
➲ Facilitates consensus among team
➲ Assists to develop and change
people’s thinking
➲ Enables priorities to be identified
accurately
Relations Diagrams
Slide 3 0f 7
Advantages of Relations Diagrams (cont.)

➲ Makes the problem recognizable by
clarifying the relationships among
causes Primary Cause
Primary Cause
Why doesn’t
X happen?
Primary Cause Primary Cause

Relations Diagrams
Slide 4 0f 7
Constructing a Relations Diagram

❶ Express the problem in form of
“Why isn’t something happening?”
❷ Each member lists 5 causes
affecting problem
❸ Write each item on a card
❹ Discuss info collected until
everyone understands it
thoroughly
Relations Diagrams
Slide 5 0f 7

❺ Move cards into similar groups

❻ Asking why, explore the cause-
effect relationships, and divide the
cards into primary, secondary and
❼ tertiary
Connectcauses
all cards by these
❽ relationships
Further discuss until all possible
causes have been identified
Relations Diagrams
Slide 6 0f 7

❾ Review whole diagram looking for

relationships among causes
❿ Connect all related groups

Relations Diagrams
Slide 7 0f 7
Completing a Relations Diagram
Primary Cause
Primary Cause
Why doesn’t
X happen?
Primary Cause Primary Cause
Tree Diagrams
Slide 1 0f 5
For Systematically Pursuing the Best

Strategies
for Attaining an Objective
➲ Develops a succession of
strategies for achieving objectives
➲ Reveals methods to achieve the
results.
➲ Also known as Systematic
diagrams or Dendrograms
Tree Diagrams
Slide 2 0f 5
Advantages of Tree Diagrams

➲ Systematic and logical approach is
less likely that items are omitted
➲ Facilitates agreement among team
➲ Are extremely convincing with
strategies
To
Accomplish
Constraints
Tree Diagrams
Slide 3 0f 5
Constructing a Tree Diagram

❶ Write Relations Diagram topic
(Objective card)
❷ Identify constraints on how
objective can be achieved
❸ Discuss means of achieving
objective (primary means, first level
❹ Take each primary mean, write
strategy)
ob-jective for achieving it (secondary
Tree Diagrams
Slide 4 0f 5
Constructing an Tree Diagram

❺ Continue to expand to the fourth

❻ level
Review each system of means in
both directions (from objective to means
and means to objective)
❼ Add more cards if needed
❽ Connect all levels

Tree Diagrams
Slide 5 0f 5
Completing a Tree Diagram
To
Accomplish
Constraints
Matrix Diagrams
Slide 1 0f 7
For Clarifying Problems by “Thinking

Multidimensionally”
➲ Consists of a two-dimensional
array to determine location and
nature of problem
➲ Discovers key ideas by
relationships represented by the
cells in matrix.
Matrix Diagrams
Slide 2 0f 7
Advantages of Matrix Diagrams

➲ Enable data on ideas based on
extensive experience
➲ Clarifies relationships among
different elements
➲ Makes overall structure of problem
immediately obvious
➲ Combined from two to four types of
diagrams, location of problem is
Matrix Diagrams
Slide 3 0f 7
Advantages of Matrix Diagrams (cont.)

➲ 5 types: L-shaped, T-shaped, Y-
shaped, X-shaped, and C-shaped
O O =1 O =4 Principa l
QC circle supporter
O =2 O X =5 O Subsidia ry
=3 X =6
Site QC circle
Section/Plant
Section/Plant
Practicability
Evalua tion Re sponsibilitie s
Manager
Member
Efficacy
Re ma rks
Leader
Rank
4th level means

from Tree diagram O O 1 O
4th level means
from Tree diagram O O 1 O Hold 4 times/month
4th level means
from Tree diagram O 3 O At every meeting
4th level means
from Tree diagram O 2 O
4th level means
from Tree diagram O X 5 O At least 3 times/year/person
4th level means
from Tree diagram O O 1 O O
4th level means
from Tree diagram 4 O
Matrix Diagrams
Slide 4 0f 7
Constructing a Matrix Diagram
❶ Write final-level means from Tree

diagram forming vertical axis
❷ Write in Evaluation categories
(efficacy, practicability, and rank) on
❸ horizontal axis.
Examine final-level means to
identify whom will implement them
❹ Write names along horizontal axis
Matrix Diagrams
Slide 5 0f 7
Constructing a Matrix Diagram (cont.)
❺ Label group of columns as

❻ “Responsibilities”
Label right-hand end of horizontal
axis as “Remarks”
❼ Examine each cell and insert the
appropriate symbol:
Efficacy: O=good, =satisfactory, X=none
Practicability: O=good, =satisfactory,
X=none
Matrix Diagrams
Slide 6 0f 7
Constructing a Matrix Diagram (cont.)
❽ Determine score for each

combination of symbols, record in
❾ rank column
Examine cells under Responsibility
Columns, insert double-circle for
Principal and single-circle for
❿ Subsidiary
Fill out remarks column and record
meanings of symbol
Matrix Diagrams
Slide 7 0f 7
Completing a Matrix Diagram
O O =1 O =4 Principa l
O =2 O X =5 O Subsidiary
QC circle supporter
=3 X =6
Site QC circle
Eva luation Re sponsibilitie s
Section/Plant
Section/Plant
Practicability
Manager
Member
Efficacy
Re ma rks
Leader
Rank
4th level means

4th level means
from Tree diagram O O 1 O Hold 4 times/month
4th level means
from Tree diagram O 3 O At every meeting
4th level means
4th level means
from Tree diagram O X 5 O At least 3 times/year/person
4th level means
from Tree diagram O O 1 O O
4th level means
from Tree diagram 4 O
4th level means
4th level means
4th level means
Arrow Diagrams
Slide 1 0f 7
For Working Out Optimal Schedules and

Controlling Them Effectively
➲ Shows relationships among tasks
needed to implement a plan
➲ Network technique using nodes for
events and arrows for activities
➲ Used in PERT (Program Evaluation and
Review Technique) and CPM (Critical Path
Arrow Diagrams
Slide 2 0f 7
Advantages of Arrow Diagrams

➲ Allows overall task to viewed and
potential snags to be identified
before work starts
➲ Leads to discovery of possible
improvements
➲ Makes it easy to monitor progress of
work
➲
Arrow Diagrams
Slide 3 0f 7
Advantages of Arrow Diagrams (cont.)
➲ Promotes understanding and

agreement among group
Strategy Constraints
Arrow Diagrams
Slide 4 0f 7
Constructing an Arrow Diagram

❶ From strategies on Tree diagram,
select one (Objective of Arrow Diagram)
❷ Identify constraints to Objective
❸ List all activities necessary to
achieving Objective
❹ Write all essential activities on
separate cards
Arrow Diagrams
Slide 5 0f 7
Constructing an Arrow Diagram (cont.)
❺ Organize cards in sequential order

of activities
❻ Remove any duplicate activities
❼ Review order of activities, find
sequence with greatest amount of
activities
❽ Arrange parallel activities
Arrow Diagrams
Slide 6 0f 7
Constructing an Arrow Diagram (cont.)
❾ Examine path, number nodes in

sequence from left to right
❿ Record names and other necessary
information
Arrow Diagrams
Slide 7 0f 7
Completing an Arrow Diagram
Strategy Constraints
Process Decisions Program
Charts
Slide 1 0f 7
For Producing the Desired Result from

Many
Possible Outcomes
➲ Used to plan various contingencies
➲ Used for getting activities back on
track
➲ Steers events in required direction
if unanticipated problems occur
➲ Finds feasible counter measures to
Charts
Slide 2 0f 7
Advantages of Process Decisions

Program Charts (PDPC’s)
➲ Facilitates forecasting
➲ Uses past to anticipate contingencies
➲ Enables problems to pinpointed
➲ Illustrates how events will be directed
to successful conclusion
➲ Enables those involved to understand
decision-makers intentions
Charts
Slide 3 0f 7
Advantages of PDPC’s (cont.)

➲ Fosters cooperation and
communication in group
➲ Easily modified and easily understood
Start
NO
NO NO
NO
YES YES NO NO
YES
NO
GOAL
Charts
Slide 4 0f 7
Constructing a PDPC
❶ Select a highly effective, but
difficult strategy from the Tree
diagramon a goal (most desirable
❷ Decide
❸ outcome)
Identify existing situation (Starting
point)
❹ Identify constraints of objective
❺ List activities to reach goal and
potential problems with each
activity
Charts
Slide 5 0f 7
Constructing an PDPC (cont.)
❻ Review list. Add extra activities or

problems not thought of previously
❼ Prepare contingency plan for each
step and review what action is
needed if step is not achieved
❽ Examine carefully to check for
inconsistencies and all important
factors are included
Charts
Slide 6 0f 7
Constructing an PDPC (cont.)
❾ Examine to make sure all

contingency plans are adequate
Charts
Slide 7 0f 7
Completing a PDPC Start
NO
NO NO
NO
YES YES NO NO
YES
NO
GOAL
Matrix Data Analysis
Slide 1 0f 6
Principal Component Analysis

➲ Technique quantifies and arranges
data presented in Matrix
➲ Based solely on numerical data
➲ Finds indicators that differentiate
and attempt to clarify large
amount of information
Slide 2 0f 6
Advantages of Principal Component

Analysis
➲ Can be used in various fields (market
surveys, new product planning, process
analysis)
➲ Can be when used when Matrix

diagram does not give sufficient
information
➲ Useful as Prioritization Grid
Slide 3 0f 6
Constructing a Prioritization Grid

Source: Foster, S., Managing Quality (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001)
❶ Determine your goal, your

alternatives, and criteria for
decision
❷ Place selection in order of
Apply percentage weight to each
❸ importance
option (all weights should add up to 1)
❹ Sum individual ratings to establish
overall ranking (Divide by number of
options for average ranking)
Slide 4 0f 6
Constructing a Prioritization Grid (cont.)
❺ Rank order each option with

respect to criterion (Average the
rankings and apply a completed ranking)
❻Multiply weight by associated rank
in Matrix (in example, 4 is best, 1 is worst)
❼ Result is Importance Score
❽ Add up Importance Scores for each

option
Slide 5 0f 6
Constructing a Prioritization Grid (cont.)
❾ Rank order the alternatives

according to importance
See completed the diagram

Slide 6 0f 6
Completing a Prioritization Grid
Criteria Customer Acceptance Strength Importance Option
(most important) Cost Reliability (least important) Sum Score Ranking
Options
Design A
Percentage weight .40 .30 .20 .10
Rank 4 3 3 1
Importance score 1.6 .90 .60 .10 3.2 1 (tie)
Design B
Rank 3 4 1 2
Importance score .90 1.6 .10 .40 3.0 2
Design C
Rank 1 2 4 3
Importance score .25 .50 1 .75 2.5 3
Design D
Percentage weight 0.3 .10 .20 .40
Rank 3 1 3 4
Importance score .90 .10 .60 1.6 3.2 1 (tie)
Sum of weights 1.25 1.05 .75 .95
Average weight .31 .26 .19 .24
Criterion Ranking 1 2 4 3
Review
❶ Affinity Diagrams
❷ Relations Diagrams
❸ Tree Diagrams
❹ Matrix Diagrams
❺ Arrow Diagrams
❻ Process Decision Program Charts
❼ Matrix Data Analysis

Keys to Successfully Using the
Slide 1 0f 5
Mental Attitudes
- Keen awareness to the actual problem
- Eagerness to solve problem
- Be highly motivated for the challenge
Four Specific Keys

❶ Understand the problem
❷ Select the right tool for the job
❸ Obtain appropriate verbal data
❹ Interpret analytical results
Slide 2 0f 5
4 Specific Keys
❶ Understand the problem
Stage 1 - problem is unclear and not obvious
what exact issue should be
addressed
Stage 2 - problem is obvious, but causes
unknown
explore causes and single out valid
ones
Stage 3 - problem and causes are known
Slide 3 0f 5
4 Specific Keys (cont.)

❷ Selecting Right tool for the Job
Stage 1 - Collect verbal information on
events
(Affinity Diagram)
Stage 2 - Choose tool to identify causes
(Relations Diagram / Matrix
Diagram)
Stage 3 - List strategies and activities
(Tree Diagram / Relations Diagram)
Plan actual activities
Slide 4 0f 5

❸ Obtaining appropriate verbal data
Three types of verbal data:
- Facts; factual observations expressed in words
- Opinions; factual information colored by opinion
- Ideas; New concepts created by analyzing facts
.Group Discussions:
- Ensures common understanding
- All data should be without bias or
distortion
- Data should fit objective of the analysis
Slide 5 0f 5

❹ Interpreting Analytical Results
Information must be obtained for
accomplishing
objectives from:
- Completed diagrams; or
- Process of completing diagrams
Analyze actual information obtained:

- Prepare summarized report with findings,
conclusions, and processes used
- Check if necessary data has been
obtained, if not
Practical Application of
Slide 1 0f 5
Example; Relations Diagram

”Abilities Required for Applying New Seven QC
Complete the following Tools”
Relations
Diagram
- Review notes for clarity
- Get in groups of 4-5 per table (work as a
team!)
- Topic - “Using the New Seven QC Tools
skillfully”
- “Cause cards”- will be provided (not
categorized)
Slide 2 0f 5
”Abilities Required for Applying New Seven QC Tools”
Primary
Cause
Primary Use N7 Primary

Cause Skillfully Cause
Primary
Cause
Slide 3 0f 5
”Abilities Required for Applying New Seven QC
Tools”
A Cause
Interpret data clearlyStatements (hints areseriousness
N Understand in yellow) of problem
B Select appropriate tool O Think flexibly from various standpoints
C Think systematically P Obtain appropriate verbal data
D Give opinions Q Expose core of problem
E Know what the problem is R Communicate well
F Extract necessary information S Accurately understand real problem
G Collect reliable verbal data T Have excellent intuition
H Think multidimensionally U See to heart of problem
I Obtain facts V Select appropriate type of verbal data
J Interpret analytical results W Think in terms of word-based diagram
K Generate ideas X Express genuine thoughts
L Know that distorted data is useless Y Hear and respect other's opinions
M Grasp overall pictured Z Generate highly accurate verbal data
Slide 4 0f 5
”Abilities Required for Applying New Seven QC Tools”
Primary
Cause
Primary
Cause
Use N7
Skillfully B
Primary
Cause
Slide 5 0f 5
Solution for ”Abilities Required for Applying New Seven QC Tools”
J Use N7
Skillfully B
Summary
Benefits of New Seven Q.C.
Tools
1- Provide Training in Thinking
2- Raise People’s Problem Solving Confidence
3- Increase People’s Ability to Predict Future
Events
Roles of New Seven Q.C. Tools

1- Express verbal data diagrammatically
2- Make information visible
3- Organize information intelligibly
4- Clarify overall picture and fine details
5- Get more people involved
Bibliography
Foster, Thomas. Managing Quality. An Integrative
Approach. Upper Saddle River : Prentice Hall, 2001.
Nayatani, Yoshingobu, Eiga, Toru, Futami, Ryoji, Miyagawa,

Hiroyuki, and Loftus, John. The Seven New QC Tools:
Practical Applications for Managers. Tokyo : 3A
Corporation, 1994.
“TQM: The 9 TQM Tools.” Internet

http://www.iqd.com/pfttools.htm.

A Training Presentation On The N7

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Título original

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

A Training Presentation On The N7

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

The New Seven

❼ Matrix Data Analysis

➲ Committee of J.U.S.E. - 1972

➲ Developed to organize verbal data

Define problem after Define problem before

•Analytical approach •Generate Ideas

Enhanced Keys to Organizational

Five Objectives of Organizational

Problem is in solvable form

For Pinpointing the Problem in a

➲ Organizes the data into groups

Advantages of Affinity Diagrams

Advantages of Affinity Diagrams (cont.)

➲ Fosters team spirit

Constructing an Affinity Diagram

Constructing an Affinity Diagram

❻ Move data cards into groups of

Constructing an Affinity Diagram

❿Lay the groups outs, keeping the

Completing an Affinity Diagram

For Finding Solutions Strategies by

Advantages of Relations Diagrams

Advantages of Relations Diagrams (cont.)

Primary Cause Primary Cause

Constructing a Relations Diagram

Constructing a Relations Diagram

❺ Move cards into similar groups

Constructing a Relations Diagram

❾ Review whole diagram looking for

Next, complete the diagram

Completing a Relations Diagram

Primary Cause Primary Cause

For Systematically Pursuing the Best

Advantages of Tree Diagrams

Constructing a Tree Diagram

Constructing an Tree Diagram

❺ Continue to expand to the fourth

Next, complete the diagram

Completing a Tree Diagram

For Clarifying Problems by “Thinking

Advantages of Matrix Diagrams

Advantages of Matrix Diagrams (cont.)

Evalua tion Re sponsibilitie s

4th level means

Constructing a Matrix Diagram

❶ Write final-level means from Tree

Constructing a Matrix Diagram (cont.)

❺ Label group of columns as

Constructing a Matrix Diagram (cont.)

❽ Determine score for each

4th level means

For Working Out Optimal Schedules and

Advantages of Arrow Diagrams

Advantages of Arrow Diagrams (cont.)

➲ Promotes understanding and

Constructing an Arrow Diagram

Constructing an Arrow Diagram (cont.)

❺ Organize cards in sequential order

Constructing an Arrow Diagram (cont.)

❾ Examine path, number nodes in

For Producing the Desired Result from

Advantages of Process Decisions

Advantages of PDPC’s (cont.)