PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

FORM : We form the present perfect simple with have / has + past participle (Verb -3)

USE: Sentences with the present perfect always connect the past and the present

We use the present perfect to talk about something which started in the past and continues up to the present
Example : Ive been here for an hour. ( I am still here now) She has worked in Bandung for six months. (She still works in Bandung now) How long have you lived here? ( You still live here now) Sisi and Ade have been married for 20 years. ( They are still married now)

We also use the present perfect for things which have happened during a period of time that continues up to the present
Example : I have been to Jakarta and Kalimantan Have you ever eaten Chinese food?

We also use the present perfect when the result of a past action is connected to the present.
Example : Someone has broken the window. The taxi has arrived. We have cleaned the flat.

Present perfect with just, yet and already

We often use the present perfect with the adverbs , yet and already; we use just for recent events, just goes after the auxiliary verb have. Example : The taxi has just arrived. Theyve just finished.

We use yet when we are expecting something to happen; yet normally goes at the end of a clause. We use yet in this way only in questions and negatives. Example : Its nearly 10 oclock. Has he woken up yet? They havent finished dinner yet.

We use already when something has happened sooner than expected: already normally goes after the auxiliary verb have. Example: Wheres Anto? Hes already left. Could you do the washing up? Ive already done it. *

Already can also go at the end of a clause for emphasis Example : Shes left already. Ive done it already.

Present Perfect with for and since

We often use for and since with the present perfect to talk about things that have continued over a period of time up to the present Example : Its been snowing for four days. Its been snowing since Monday.

* We use for when we mention the length of the period (eg four days) * We use since when we mention the starting point of the period (eg. Monday)

For + length of time four hours three weeks for nine months twelve years a short time Example : Ive been here for four hours. Hes been living in London for eleven months.

Since + starting point 2 oclock 10 April since July 1978 I was a child Example: Ive been here since 2 oclock. Hes been living in London since January

Present Perfect Progressive

Form We form the present perfect continuous with have/has been + verb ing Use Sentences with present perfect always connect the present and the past. We use the present perfect continuous to talk about something which started in the past and has been in progress up to the present.

Example: She has been waiting for an hour. Ive been working all day. How long have you been sitting there?

We also use the present perfect continuous when an action has been in progress up to the recent past, especially when the action has result in the present. Example: Its snowing Have you been painting?

We can use the present perfect continuous to talk about repeated actions or situations in a period up to the present. Example: Ive been having driving lessons for six months. How long have you been living in Paris?