ANATOMY OF G.I.T.

By Dr.Palresha’s
 MUSCLES OF ANTERIOR ABDOMEN

4 Large muscles on
either side of the
midline.
 They are ext. oblique
,int. oblique,
transversus
abdominis & rectus
abdominis.
 2 small muscles –
cremaster &
pyramidalis.
 ACTIONS OF THE MUSCLES

 SUPPORT FOR ABDOMINAL VISCERA.

 EXPULSIVE ACTS – like micturation, defacation,

parturition,vomiting etc

 FORCEFUL EXPIRATORY ACTS- like coughing,

sneezing, blowing, shouting, etc

 MOVEMENTS OF THE TRUNK- flexion by rectus

abdominis, lateral flexion is done by one sided
contraction of oblique muscles , rotation by ext.oblique &
internal oblique
APPLIED ANATOMY
 Loose tone of
abdominal muscles
lead to umbilical hernia
,inguinal hernia,
incisional hernia.
 Various surgical
/operative incisions are
taken here.
 REGIONS OF THE ABDOMEN
 THERE ARE 9 REGIONS OF
THE ABD. WHICH ARE
DIVIDED BY FOUR IMAGINARY
PLANES.
 The horozintal planes are the
transpyloric & trantubercular
planes.
 The vertical planes are the rt.&
lt.lateral planes.
Abd.part of Oesophagus
 Abd.part of esophagus –
half inch long.
 Enters abd. At level of
T10.
 Ends by opening into the
cardiac end of the
stomach at the level of
T11.
 Applied : oesophagial
varices ,achalasia
cardia,
STOMACH
 LOCATION : lies obliquely in
the lt. part of the abd. In
epigastric, umbilical & lt.
hypochondriac region.

 SHAPE : empty- j shape

Partially distended-piriform
Obese- steerhorn stomach

SIZE: 10 inch long

Capacity :at birth- 30ml
Puberty – 1000ml
adult- 1.5 – 2 litres.