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Objectives
Know GSM system signaling model State various types of GSM protocol messages Understand GSM system basic signaling procedure
Content
GSM System Signaling Model GSM protocol message Basic Signaling Procedure
GSM Interface
Um Abis
SGSN BTS
GGSN
HLR/AUC
BTS Gb
Qx
EIR
OMC
SMC
BTS
NSMU FSMU TRAU
MSC/VLR/GMSC
GSM system signaling model adopts the lowest three layer of OSI seven layer protocol model, from low to high:
Physical Layer
The physical layer provides error protection transmission. It defines the electric parameters of transmission. In ZTE-GSM digital mobile communication systems, The physical layer of Um interface between MS and BTS is Radio link. Abis interface physical layer adopts 75-ohm coaxial cable or 120-ohm symmetrical twisted pair whose rate is 2Mbit/s.
The data link layer major functions: frame transmissionerror-free transmission and realize end-to-end bits transfer between two connective entities. Open maintenance and close the connection of two connective entities. The link layer protocol used by the GSM system at the radio interface is the LAPDm protocol (Dm channel link access procedure). The data link layer of Abis interface between BTS and BSC is LAPD (D channel link access procedure).
Application Layer
Application Layer
CM
MM
RR
CC
SS
SMS
Application Layer
Radio Resources (RR) management handles the establishment, maintenance and release of physical channels. Its major functions are performed by BSC. Part of functions are performed by BTS. Mobility Management (MM) deals with the mobile stations register and the identify of the mobile subscriber, The function are performed by MSC. The CM Layer is composed of three functional entities: Call Control (CC), deals with the functions to establish maintenance and release the callShort Message Service support (SMS) and Supplementary Service support (SS).
GSM protocol
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
Mobile Switching Centre (MSC)
))
DTAP + BSSMAP
BTSM
A interface
A-bis interface
MAP/TCAP
MAP/TCAP
MAP/TCAP
BTS
(CM) (MM) (RR) RR BTSM (CM) (MM)
BSC
DTAP
CM (CM+MM) MM
MSC
BSSMAP SCCP
BSSMAP SCCP
MTP
MTP
MTP
Um Interface
Abis Interface
A Interface
Inter-MSC Interface
DTAP Direct Transfer Application Part BSSMAP BSS Management Application Part CM Call Management MM Mobile Management RR Radio Resource Management BTSM BTS Management
SCCP Signalling Connection Control Part MAP Mobile Application Part TCAP Transaction Capability Application Part ISUP ISDN User Part MTP Message Transfer Part
Content
GSM System Signaling Model GSM protocol message Basic Signaling Procedure
The address field contains the service access point identifier (SAPI).
SAPI = 0 represents the signaling link SAPI = 3 represents the short message link N (S) represents the sending serial number N (R) represents the receiving serial number
Address Control Information
SAPI
N(S)
N(R)
Operation mode
Acknowledged mode: Requires the confirmation from the receiver. This mode provides a whole set of control mechanism for error recovering and flow control, the establishment mechanism and release mechanism for multi-frame operations. Unacknowledged mode: The receiver is not required to send a confirmation upon reception of a UI frame. This operation mode does not provide flow control or error recovering mechanism.
RR messages
Type Channel establishment message Message Immediate assignment Immediate assignment reject Ciphering message Ciphering mode command Ciphering mode complete Handover command Handover complete Handover message Handover failure
Handover access
Channel release message Paging message Channel release Paging request Paging response System info System info:18
MM messages
Type Registration messages Message IMSI detach indication Location updating accept Location updating reject Location updating request Authentication reject Authentication request Authentication response Security messages
Identity request
Identity response TMSI reallocation command TMSI reallocation complete
CM service accept
Connection-management messages CM service reject CM service request
CC messages
Type Message Alerting Call confirmed Call establishment messages Call proceeding
Connect
Disconnect Call clearing messages
Release
Release complete Congestion control notify
Abis interface
LAPD Protocol
1 flag Address Control 0-260 Information 2 FCS 1 flag
SAPI
TEI
N(S)
N(R)
SAPI = 0 represents the signaling link, SAPI = 62 represents the O&M link, and SAPI = 63 represents the management link of the LapD layer.
Layer1
BSC
Layer1
MSC
BSSAP
MSC CC MM BSS MS CC
DTAP
MM
RR
BSSAP BSSAP RR RR
BSSMAP
DTAP
BSSMAP
DTAP
Distribution
Distribution
SCCP MTP
SCCP MTP
LAPDm
L1
LAPDm
L1
BSSMAP
DTAP
SCCP message
CR Connection request CC Connection confirm CREF Connection refused RLSD Released RLC Release complete DT1 Data form 1 UDT Unit data UDTS Unit data service
BSSMAP Message -1
Assignment request Assignment complete Assignment failure Handover request Handover required Handover request ack. Handover command MS) Handover complete Handover failure Handover performed Handover candidate enquiry handed Handover candidate response Handover required reject Handover detect (to BSC: request for handover to that BSC) (to MSC: inter BSC/MSC handover required) (to MSC: acknowledge of handover request) (to BSC: contains new radio channel/BTS for the (to MSC: commanded handover successful) (to MSC: commanded handover unsuccessful) (to MSC: BSC has performed internal handover) (to BSC: MSC requests list of MS that could be over to another cell) (to MSC: answer to handover candidate enquiry) (to BSC: required handover unsuccessful) (to MSC: commanded handover successful)
Handover messages
BSSMAP Message -2
Release messages
Clear command Clear complete Clear request SAPI n clear command SAPI n clear complete SAPI n reject
General messages
Reset Reset acknowledge Overload Trace invocation Reset circuit Block BTS) Blocking acknowledge Unblock Unblocking acknowledge
(initialisation of BSS or MSC due to failure) (processor or CCCH overload) (start production of trace record (initialisation of single circuit due to failure) (management of circuits/time slots between MSC and
BSSMAP Message -2
Resource request (available radio channels in BSS cells) Resource indication Paging (paging of MS) Cipher mode command (start encryption) Classmark update (change of MS power class) Cipher mode complete Queuing indication (indicates delay in assignment of tch)
Content
GSM System Signaling Model GSM protocol message Basic Signaling Procedure
BTS
BSC
MSC
BSC
MSC
BSC
ALERTING(39)
MSC
BTS
PAGING CMD(2) CH RQD(5) CH ACT(6) CH ACT ACK(7)
BSC
MSC
PAGING CMD(1)
IMM ASS CMD(8) IMM ASS(9) SABM(10) EST IND(11) UA(13) PAGE RSP(12) AUTH REQ(14) AUTH REQ(15) AUTH RSP(16) AUTH RSP(17) CIPH MODE CMD(18) CIPH MODE CMD(19) CIPH MODE CMD(20) CIPH MODE CMP(21) CIPH MODE CMP(22)
BSC
MSC
BTS
BSC
ALERTING(43)
MSC
BTS
BSC
MSC
LOC UPDATE ACC(24) LOC UPDATE ACCEPT(25) TMSI REALL CMP(26) TMSI REALL CMP(27) CLEAR CMD(28) CHANNEL RELEASE(29) DEACT SACCH(30) DISC(31) UA(32) REL IND(33) RF CH REL(34) RF CH REL ACK(35) CLEAR CMP(36) SCCP REL(37) SCCP REL ACK(38)
BSC
MSC
MSC
PHYSICAL INFO(9)
SABM(10) EST IND(11)
UA(12)
HO CMP(13)
RECEIVER READY(14)
HO CMP(15 HO PERFORMED(16) RF CH REL(17) RF CH REL ACK(18)
BSC2
MSC
MEAS REPORT(1)
MEAS REPORT(2)
HO REQ(4)
CH ACT(5) CH ACT ACK(6) HO REQ ACK(7) HO CMD(8) HO CMD(9) HO ACCESS(10) HO DETECT(11) HO DETECT(12) PHYSICAL INFO(13) SABM(14) EST IND(15) UA(16) HO CMP(17) RECEIVER READY(18) HO CMP(19) HO CMP(20) CLEAR COMMAND(21)
RF CH REL(22)
RF CH REL ACK(23) CLEAR COMPLETE(24)
MSC
BSC
MSC
BTS2
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
AUTH RSP(12)
SABM(SAPI3)(13) EST IND(SAPI3)(15) UA(14) CIPH MODE CMD(16)
BSC
CP ACK(21)
CLEAR CMD(22)
MSC
CHANNEL RELEASE(23) DEACT SACCH(24) DISC(25) UA(26) REL IND(27) RF CH REL(28) RF CH REL ACK(29) CLEAR CMP(30) SCCP REL(31) SCCP REL ACK(32)
BTS
PAGING CMD(2)
BSC
MSC
PAGING CMD(1)
BSC
MSC
CP ACK(23) CP DATA(24)
CP ACK(25) CLEAR CMD(26) CHANNEL RELEASE(27) DEACT SACCH(28) DISC(29) UA(31) REL IND(30) RF CH REL(32) RF CH REL ACK(33) CLEAR CMP(34) SCCP REL(35) SCCP REL ACK(36)
CP DATA(6)
CP ACK(7) CP DATA(8)
CP ACK(9)
ACTIVE CALL
CP ACK(7) CP DATA(8)
CP ACK(9)
ACTIVE CALL