Schizophrenia

schizoprenia
Schizophrenia is a disorder that last for at least 6 months and include at least 1 month of active phase symptoms (i.e two or more of the following : delusions, hallucination, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior)

Diagnostic criteria for schisophrenia

A. Characteristic symptom : two or more of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a-1 month period (or less if succesfully treated) 1. delusions 2. hallucinations 3. disorganized speech 4. grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior 5. negative symptom,i.e, affective flattening,alogia, or avolition

 B. Sosialoccupation dysfungtion : for a significant portion of time since the onset of the disturbance, one or more major areas of fungtioning such as work, interpersonal relations, or self care are markedly below the level achieved prior to the onset C. durations (Characteristic symptom : two or more of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a-1 month period (or less if succesfully treated) and include periode phase prodormal or residual)

 D. schizoaffective and mood disorder exclusion (1.nothing depresien episode,manik, or mix mayor that happen with phase active. 2. if mood episode happen on phase active, total duration more shortly than periode active duration and residual. E. substance/ general medical condition exclusion F. relationship to a pervasive developmental disorder (autism, diagnosis of schizofrenia each present for a significant portion of time during a1 month period )

Etiology
Hipotesis dopamin Serotonin GABA Ganglia Basalis Epilepsi parsial kompleks

Diagnostic paranoid type

A. preoccupation with one or more delusions or frequent auditory hallucination B. None of the following is prominent : disorganized speech, groosly disorganized or catatonic behavior, or flat or innapropiate

Disorganized type (hebefrenik)

A. Disorganized speech Disorganized behavior Flat or innapropiate affect B. The criteria are not met for catatonic type

Catatonic type
Motoric imobility as evidence catalepsy or stupor Excessive motor activity Extrem negativism or mutism Peculiatries of voluntary movements as evidence by posturing, streotipy, prominen manerism, or grimace Echolalia or echopraxia

Undifferented type
a type of schizophrenia in which symptoms that meet criterion A are present, but the criterion are not meet for the paranoid, disorganized, or catatonic type

Residual type
Absence of prominent delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and groosly disorganozed or catatonic behavior There is continuing evidence of disturbance, as indicate by the present of negative syptom or two or more symptom listed in criterion A for schizoprenia, present in an attenuated (e.g odd beliefs, unusual perceptual experiance)

treatment
Biological treatmen Dopamin reseptor Antagonis serotonin- dopamin Antagonis Psycosocial treatmen