AS PE Anatomy & Physiology

James Barraclough Lesson 9: Muscular System Test

Answers
1. Contracting/extending 2. c.600 3. i. Give shape to bodies (tone); ii. Create movement (with skeletal system); iii. muscles contract generate heat; iv. circulation of blood; v. protection for vital organs 4. See next slide 5. Smooth; skeletal; cardiac

6. Extensibility: muscle lengthens when contracting; Elasticity: returns to normal length after stretching; Contractility: capacity of muscle to forcibly lengthen/shorten when stimulated by nerves/hormones 7. Insertion; origin 8. Type 2b fast twitch glycolytic high intensity/ low duration; type 1 slow twitch low intensity/high duration; type 2a fast oxidative glycolytic medium intensity/medium duration 9. TRUE 10.TRUE

11. Antagonistic; prime mover; agonist 12. Triceps brachii; gastrocnemius/soleus; hamstrings; latissimus dorsi 13. Trapezius stabilises origin (scapula) to enable maximum contraction 14. Isometric; concentric; eccentric 15. See next slide 16. Pulse raiser, dynamic stretches, sport specific 17. Increased muscle temperature; Improved extensibility/elasticity of fibres; Increased speed/force contraction; reduce DOMS 18. Reduce DOMS; reduce blood pooling; improve flexibility 19. Skeletal: increased bone density; articular cartilage thickens; Muscular: hypertrophy; tendons thicken; improved flexibility; increased force of contraction 20. Thinning bones; deterioration of joint cartilage; closing over of thinnest part of bone during growth; ligaments over-stretched do not return to normal; Repetitive actions lead to wear & tear of articular cartilage

Joint

Articulat Movemen Type ing t Allowed Bones

Humerus Radius Ulna
Accetabulam of the Pelvis Head of Femur Flexion Extension Flexion

Agonist

Type of Contract ion

Concentric Concentric Concentric

Antagonist

Type o Contrac ion

Biceps Brachii Triceps Brachii Iliopsoas

Triceps Brachii Biceps Brachii Gluteus Maximus

Eccentric

Hinge

Hip

Ball and Socket

Elbow Eccentric Eccentric

Extension

Gluteus Maximus

Concentric

Iliopsoas

Eccentric

Adduction

Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus

Concentric

Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus

Eccentric

Abduction

Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus

Concentric

Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gluteus Maximus

Eccentric

Medial Rotation

Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Maximus

Concentric

Eccentric

Lateral Rotation

Concentric

Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus

Eccentric

Next Week
No lesson (on trip) Homework: Research following & produce PowerPoint presentation to deliver to class:
Application of force in sport Linear, angular & general motion Newtons laws of motion (1st, 2nd & 3rd) Give examples of all the above from your own sport