ASDASVRRSDASD

Enqueue Waits : Locks
#.2
Locks
Locks REDO Lib Cache Buffer Cache
Network
IO
Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey
Enqueues = Locks
CI TM Buffer Cache Disk I/O Enqueue TX - row lock contention TX - allocate ITL entry TX - index contention
#.3
Waits
Library Cache
Redo
HW
ST
Locks
Come in Many
SQL*Net Undo
TS US
Types
SQ
Locks Covered in this Section

Part I TM table modification TX Transaction locks UL user lock Part II CI Cross Instance CU Cursor Bind HW High Water RO Reusable Object ST Space Transaction TS Temporary Space
#.4
#.5
Locks Can be Intractable

Lock seems easy compared to latches or other esoteric waits, but they can be frustratingly intractable Statspack & AWR lacks enough data to solve To Solve, you need either
Real ASH
time
Insolvable: No dependable way to find the blocking SQL

Solving Enqueues
Need SQL and Object/row
Statspack
#.6
fails V$active_session_history succeeds
In real time can also use

v$lock
v$session
dba_blockers dba_waiters ?/rdbms/admin/utllockt.sql http://www.evdbt.com/enqwaits.sql
Statspack 9i
Top 5 Timed Events Avg %Total ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ wait Call Event Waits Time (s) (ms) Time -------------------------- ------------ ----------- ------ -----Enqueue 42 126 3000 96.5 CPU time 4 2.8 db file sequential read 165 1 4 .4 control file sequential read 214 0 1 .1 log file switch completion 2 0 40 .1
#.7
Statspack is INSUFFICIENT, missing Who is blocked Who Blocks What blocks How they are blocked
#.8
9i Investigation
Select * from v$event_name where name=enqueue;
Parameter1 ---------Name|mode parameter2 ---------id1 parameter3 ---------id2
#.9
9i Enqueue P1: Type and Mode

P1 P1RAW ---------- -------1415053318 54580006 Type: 5458
Hex Decimal 54 = 84 58 = 88 ASCII = T = X
Mode: 0006
Lock = TX 6
#.10
9i Translating Lock and Mode

SELECT chr(bitand(p1,-16777216)/16777215)|| SELECT chr(bitand(p1, 16711680)/65535) Type, chr(bitand(p1,-16777216)/16777215)|| mod(p1,16) lmode fromchr(bitand(p1, v$session_wait 16711680)/65535) Type", where event=enqueue; mod(p1,16) as Mode"
from v$session_wait TY LMODE -- ---------Where event=enqueue TX 6
#.11
10g Translates all the Enquques

9i
One
Wait : enqueue
10g
208 enq: enq: enq: enq: enq: enq: enq: enq: enq: enq: HW SQ SS ST TM TW TX TX TX TX
enqueue waits Specific to each type of enqueue

contention contention contention contention contention contention allocate ITL entry index contention row lock contention contention
Configuration Configuration Configuration Configuration Application Administrative Configuration Concurrency Application Application
Version 9 : P2 and P3
Parameter1 ---------Name|mode ID1 and ID2

#.12
parameter2 ---------id1
parameter3 ---------id2
had different meanings for each lock type Never defined
Defined in 10g Parameter 2 = ID1 Parameter 3 = ID2
Common Lock Types

Select event, parameter2 , parameter3 from v$event_name
Wait enq: enq: enq: enq: enq: enq: enq: enq: enq: enq: enq: enq: enq: enq: enq: enq: enq: Event Parameter2 Parameter3 CI - contention opcode type CF - contention 0 operation CU - contention handle handle HW - contention table space # block IM - contention for blr pool # 0 RO - contention 2 0 RO - fast object reuse 2 0 SQ - contention object # 0 ST - contention 0 0 TM - contention object # table/partition TS - contention tablespace ID dba TX - allocate ITL entry usn<<16 | slot sequence TX - contention usn<<16 | slot sequence TX - index contention usn<<16 | slot sequence TX - row lock contention usn<<16 | slot sequence UL - contention id 0 US - contention undo segment # 0
#.13
Statspack 10g
5 Timed Events Avg %Total ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ wait Call Event Waits Time (s) (ms) Time ----------------------------- ------ -------- ------ -----enq: TX - row lock contention 42 126 3000 96.5 CPU time 4 2.8 db file sequential read 165 1 4 .4 control file sequential read 214 0 1 .1 log file switch completion 2 0 40 .1
#.14
10g Better, tells what kind of lock But still not who is blocked, who blocks them what they are blocked on
#.15
V$active_session_history
Succeeds
Who is waiting
SESSION_ID SESSION_SERIAL# USER_ID
Who is the blocker

On what object
CURRENT_OBJ# CURRENT_FILE# CURRENT_BLOCK#
BLOCKING_SESSION BLOCKING_SESSION_STATUS BLOCKING_SESSION_SERIAL#
What is the Blocker SQL

not reliably possible Maybe by dumping REDO
With what SQL
SQL_ID
OEM externalize all of this

OEM 10g
#.16
if P1 = 1415053318 then mode = 6 Then it is a data block row lock

10g: find the lock mode

P1 (parameter1) same for all locks
select distinct parameter1 from v$event_name where name like 'enq:%'
#.17
PARAMETER1 ---------name|mode
select distinct event, p1, to_char(p1,'XXXXXXXX') p1raw from v$active_session_history where event like 'enq:%;
EVENT P1 ------------------------------ ---------enq: TX - row lock contention 1415053316 enq: TX - row lock contention 1415053318 enq: TX - allocate ITL entry 1415053316
P1RAW --------54580004 54580006 54580004
P1 = name | mode
P1 (parameter1) same for all locks
select distinct parameter1 from v$event_name where name like 'enq:%'
#.18
select distinct event, p1, mod(p1,16) as "mode" from v$active_session_history where event like 'enq:%;
EVENT ----------------------------enq: TX - allocate ITL entry enq: TX - row lock contention enq: TX - row lock contention
PARAMETER1 ---------name|mode
P1 mode ---------- ---1415053316 4 1415053318 6 1415053316 4
#.19
Mode Cheat Sheet

TX if P1 = 1415053316 then mode = 4 if P1 = 1415053318 then mode = 6
#.20
Lock Modes
# Type --- ------1 Null 2 SS 3 SX 4 S 5 SSX 6 X Name --------------------------Null Sub share Sub exclusive Share Share/sub exclusive Exclusive
Transaction Locks (TX)

TX = Transaction = Wait on UNDO Mode 6 Mode 4
Index
#.21
modification of a row lock
block spilt Unique Index Key enforcement Foreign key enforcement ITL space waits Bitmap chunk conflicts Alter tablespace read only; Free Lists slot waits Possible with two phase commit
Transaction Locks (TX)

9i Only had one TX lock, but 10g has 4:
1. enq: TX - allocate ITL entry
2. enq: TX - index contention 3. enq: TX - row lock contention

#.22
Wait on an ITL slot
Index block split
4. enq: TX contention
Mode 6 classic row lock Mode 4 - pk violation, fk violation, bitmap chunk wait Wait for a data file extension, Alter tbs read only
TX Lock
Session B
update toto set name = ADAMS where id = 1;
#.23
Wait for Tx To commit
Undo Segment Header
Table Toto Data Block Data Block Header Header Transaction 1
Undo Segment
Session a
update toto set name = SMITH where id = 1;
Row 1
Delete from toto where id = 2;

Delete from toto where id = 9;
#.24
enq: TX - row lock contention

Mode 6, row in data block only one reason User 1 SQL> delete from toto where id = 1; SQL> delete from toto where id =1; --hang SQL> Delete from titi Where id = 1;
User 2
#.25
if P1 = 1415053318 then mode = 6 Then it is a data block row lock
#.26

TX Mode 6
Table ID 1 Value foo Session 1: delete where id = 1; no commit Session 2: delete where id = 1 ; Enqueue TX 6
#.27
TX Mode 4
if P1 = 1415053316 then mode = 4 Not same data but conflicts

#.28

Mode 4, happens for 3 reasons 1. Unique key contention 2. Foreign Key contention 3. Bitmap index contention (others?)
#.29
1. enq: TX - row lock contention

Mode 4 , unique index User 1 create table p(n number); create unique index p_i on p(n); insert into p values(3); insert into p values(3); --hang
User 2
#.30

PK Table
ID 2?
ID Value 2?
Mode 4 , unique index
Session 1: Insert key no commit Session 2: Insert into same key : Enqueue TX 4
#.31

Mode 4, foreign key User 8 create table parent ( id number primary key); create table child ( id number references parent, name varchar2(20)); insert into parent values (2);
User 10
insert into child values (2,88); -- hang


TX 4 - Foreign Key PK Parent Child ID Name 2
#.32
ID 2?
ID Value 2?
Foreign Key Session 1: Insert key into parent no commit
Session 2: Insert into child same key : Enqueue TX 4

#.33

Mode 4 Bitmaps are compressed Changes to the same bitmap cause locks
Value Start End Bitmap Rowid Rowid 01010000111000011100001100
000.000.0000 000.000.000
1
2
01010000111000011100001100
000.000.0000 000.000.000
#.34

Session 1 create table t1 ( n1 number(4), n2 number(4)); insert into t1 select 1, rownum from all_objects where rownum <= 400; commit; create bitmap index i1 on t1(n1); update t1 set n1 = 2 where n2 = 12; Different rows but same key value
Session 2
update t1 set n1 = 2 where n2 = 13;


Bitmaps are compressed Changes to the same bitmap chunk cause locks
Value 1 1
205.0 210.3
#.35
Start End Bitmap Rowid Rowid 01010000111000011100001100

200.0 204.7
01010000111000011100001100
01010000111000011100001100
200.0 205.6
block
row
#.36

Value 1 2
205.0 210.3
Start End Bitmap Rowid Rowid 01010000111000011100001100

200.0 204.7
01010000111000011100001100 01010000111000011100001100
200.0 205.6
Session 1 Update id=800 set value 2
Session 2 Update id=3 set value 2
#.37
Summary: TX 4 from ASH

uniq index ST EVENT ----- ---------------------10:39 enq: TX - row lock c 10:39 enq: TX - row lock c 10:39 enq: TX - row lock c 10:39 enq: TX - row lock c FK (10.2.0.3) ST EVENT ----- ---------------------10:41 enq: TX - row lock c 10:41 enq: TX - row lock c 10:41 enq: TX - row lock c bitmap ST EVENT ----- ---------------------10:41 enq: TX - row lock c 10:41 enq: TX - row lock c 10:41 enq: TX - row lock c 10:41 enq: TX - row lock c SID LM P2 P3 OBJ OTYPE FN BLOCKN SQL_ID --- --- ------ ---- ----- ----- --- ------ -141 4 655406 6672 -1 0 0 bjvx94vnxtxgv 141 4 655406 6672 -1 0 0 bjvx94vnxtxgv 141 4 655406 6672 -1 0 0 bjvx94vnxtxgv 141 4 655406 6672 -1 0 0 bjvx94vnxtxgv BSID 158 158 158 158
SID LM P2 P3 OBJ --- --- ------ ---- ----144 4 179681 7074 CHILD 144 4 179681 7074 CHILD 144 4 179681 7074 CHILD
OTYPE FN BLOCKN SQL_ID ----- --- ------ -TABLE 1 60954 ahm7c9rupbz9r TABLE 1 60954 ahm7c9rupbz9r TABLE 1 60954 ahm7c9rupbz9r
BSID 1 1 1
SID LM P2 P3 OBJ --- --- ------ ---- ----143 4 966081 4598 I1 143 4 966081 4598 I1 143 4 966081 4598 I1 143 4 966081 4598 I1
OTYPE FN BLOCKN SQL_ID ----- --- ------ -INDEX 0 0 azav296xxqcjx INDEX 0 0 azav296xxqcjx INDEX 0 0 azav296xxqcjx INDEX 0 0 azav296xxqcjx
BSID 144 144 144 144
#.38
enq: TX - allocate ITL entry

Transaction 1 Info Data Block Data Block Header Header ITL Transaction 2 Info
Data
#.39

Data Block Data Block Header Header Transaction 1 Transaction 2 Row 3 Row 2 Data Row 1 Transaction 3
#.40

create table itl ( id number, data varchar2(20) ) pctfree 0 initrans 1 ; insert into itl select rownum,'a' from all_objects where rownum < 2000; commit; session session session session session 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: update update update update update itl itl itl itl itl set set set set set data=data data=data data=data data=data data=data where where where where where id=1; id=2; id=3; id=4; id=5;
#.41
enq: TX - contention
Example Session 1 start transaction, dont commit Session 2 alter tablespace read only Example Data File Extension waiter waitng for another session to extend file Index Block Split waiter waiting for another session to split the block
Others ?
Free Lists
Non-ASSM Sessions freeing block If no txs free lists available (min 16, grow up depending on block size) , pick one and wait TX 4
First does a prepare the commit Any read or write access in the intervening time waits TX 4
2PC two phase commit

TX Further Investigation
select event, sql_id, CURRENT_OBJ# || ' ' || name obj ,CURRENT_FILE# file# ,CURRENT_BLOCK# block# from v$active_session_history ash, obj$ o where event like 'enq: TX%' and o.obj# (+)= ash.current_obj# order by sample_time
SQL_ID ------------ahm7c9rupbz9r bjvx94vnxtxgv ahm7c9rupbz9r bjvx94vnxtxgv ahm7c9rupbz9r
#.42
EVENT -----------------------------enq: TX - row lock contention enq: TX - row lock contention enq: TX - row lock contention enq: TX - row lock contention enq: TX - row lock contention
OBJ FILE# BLOCK# --------- --- -----53363 FOO 1 123586 53363 FOO 1 123586 53363 FOO 1 123586 53363 FOO 1 123586 53363 FOO 1 123586
#.43
TX Further Investigation
Who is the blocker:
V$active_session_history : BLOCKING_SESSION BLOCKING_SESSION_STATUS BLOCKING_SESSION_SERIAL#
No Guarentee of finding blocker SQL

#.44
enq: TM - contention
TX locks have a corresponding TM lock TM locks the structure from change
Parameter1
= object id
Parmeter2(ID1) ------------object # Parameter3(ID2) --------------table/partition
LOCK ------enq: TM
Parmeter1 --------name|mode
#.45
Exclusive Row Level Lock User 1 create table parent ( id number primary key); create table child ( id number references parent, name varchar2(20)); insert into parent values (1); insert into parent values (2); commit; delete from parent where id=2;
User 2
insert into child values (1,2);
#.46
PK Parent Child ID Name 1
ID 1 X 2
ID 1 X 2
Value
Session 1 Session 2
Insert into Child ID=1
Delete from Parent where ID=2 :
Enqueue TM 4 Session 2 doesnt know the value Session 1 inserted Session 2 only knows there is an outstanding change
enq: TM contention Solution

PK Parent Index ID 1 Child ID Name
#.47
ID 1 2
ID
Value
Foreign Key
Session 1: Insert into Child ID=1 Session 2: Delete from Parent ID=2 OK can verify quickly in the child index
TM Further Investigation
select event, sql_id, mod(p1,16) as "mode", p2|| ' ' || o.name obj from v$active_session_history ash, obj$ o where event like 'enq: TM%' and o.obj# (+)= ash.p2 order by sample_time;
EVENT -----------------------------enq: TM - contention enq: TM - contention enq: TM - contention enq: TM - contention enq: TM - contention enq: TM - contention
#.48
SQL_ID mode OBJ ------------- ---- --------------8zw36yw3fq4yy 4 53372 CHILD 8zw36yw3fq4yy 4 53372 CHILD 8zw36yw3fq4yy 4 53372 CHILD 8zw36yw3fq4yy 4 53372 CHILD 8zw36yw3fq4yy 4 53372 CHILD 8zw36yw3fq4yy 4 53372 CHILD
#.49
UL Locks
User-defined Locks
dbms_lock
Wait Event enq: UL - contention Parameter2 id Parameter3 0
dbms_lock.allocate_unique(v_lockname, v_lockhandle); dbms_lock.request(v_lockhandle, p_ltype); dbms_lock.release(v_lockhandle);
Internal Locks
CI Cross Instance CU Cursor Bind HW High Water RO Reuse Object ST Space Transaction
#.50
#.51
enq: CI - contention
Cross Instance not OPS lock. invoke actions in background processes
checkpoints log switches instance is shut down
#.52
CI Cross Instance
Id1 Meaning (parameter2)
0 Flush buffers for reuse as new class 1 LGWR checkpointing and Hot Backup 2 DBWR synchronization of SGA with control file 3 Log file add/drop/rename notification 4 Write buffer for CR read 5 Test Call 6 Invalidate KCK cache in all instances 7 Alter rollback segment optimal 8 Signal Query Servers/coordinator 9 Create Remote Parallel Query Server 10 Set Global Partitions 11 Stop Disk Writes 12 Drop Sort Segments 13 Release unused space from Sort Segments 14 Instance Recovery for Parallel operation Group 15 Validate parallel slave Lock Value 16 Check Transaction State Objects
Id2 Meaning (parameter3)

1 Pass in Parameters 2 Invoke the call in background process 3 Foreground has not returned yet 4 Used to allocate the CI call 5 Used to queue up interested clients
CI Locks
select substr(sql_text,0,20) sql_text, p2,p3, CURRENT_OBJ# || ' ' || name obj ,CURRENT_FILE# file# ,CURRENT_BLOCK# block# from v$active_session_history ash, obj$ o, v$sqltext sql where event like 'enq: CI%' and o.obj# (+)= ash.current_obj# and sql.sql_id (+)= ash.sql_id order by sample_time;
SQL_TEXT P2 P3 OBJ FILE# BLOCK# -------------------- ----- ------- ------------ ------ ------INSERT INTO TOTO1 VA 1 5 54225 TOTO1 6 682721
#.53
CI Locks
SQL_TEXT P2 P3 ---------------------------------------- --- -alter table XXXXX drop partition YYYYY 1 5 ID1 = 2 " LGWR checkpointing and Hot Backup " ID2 = 5. "Used to queue up interested clients"
#.54
If p2=1 and p3=5, then contention on blocks being checkpointed, try raising fast_start_mttr_target alter system set fast_start_mttr_target=600 scope=both;
#.55
enq: CU - contention
cursor bind From Jonathan Lewis: Protects the variable definitions while the cursor is being optimized.
8i
one CU per bind 9i one CU per cursor
enq: HW - contention
Wait Event enq: HW - contention Parameter2 table space # Parameter3 block
#.56
Session 1 Session 2
Header
Table
Data
Session 3
High Water Mark Empty

HW
Use Freelists
#.57
Cause multiple jumps in High Water Mark Alter table XXXX allocate extent;
Pre-Allocate Extents
Hidden Parameter
_bump_highwater_mark_count alter session set "_bump_highwater_mark_count"=100;
Not supported Automatic segment space management
ASSM
Partition Object
HW Further Investigation
select event, sql_id, CURRENT_OBJ# || ' ' || name obj ,CURRENT_FILE# file# ,CURRENT_BLOCK# block# from v$active_session_history ash, obj$ o where event like 'enq: HW%' and o.obj# (+)= ash.current_obj# order by sample_time;
#.58
EVENT SQL_ID OBJ FILE# BLOCK# -------------------- ------------- ----------- ----- -----enq: HW - contention 49ch3jfkncnsp 53410 T1_I1 13 29734
#.59
enq: KO - fast object checkpoint

Used when checking the cache for blocks from a table for PQO direct read
enq: RO - fast object reuse

Drop or Truncate a table
Wait
#.60
for DBWR to clean cache
Solution
Smaller
cache Tune DBWR using smaller MTTR Use GTT Truncate/drop less often alter system set fast_start_mttr_target=17 scope=both;
SELECT TARGET_MTTR, ESTIMATED_MTTR, CKPT_BLOCK_WRITES FROM V$INSTANCE_RECOVERY
#.61
enq: ST - contention
Space Transaction management lock Space Transaction Lock Allocating/deallocating extents Dictionary Managed Tablespaces Id1, Id2 Combinations:
Always
0, Always 0.
Solution
Got
to Locally Managed Tablespaces

Other Resources
#.62
@?/rdbms/admin/utllockt
WAITING_SESSION LOCK_TYPE MODE_REQUESTED MODE_HELD LOCK_ID1 LOCK_ID2 --------------- ----------- -------------- --------- --------- -------144 139 None Transaction Share Exclusive 131113 7507
Blocking Sessions
#.63
Summary : Internal Locks

CI Cross Instance CU Cursor Bind HW High Water

#.64
Look at object and SQL use LMT, freelists, pre-allocate extents PQO
KO fast object checkpoint
RO reusable object
Reduce cache, tune DBWR, use GTT

logon/logoff problem only one per database used for space allocations uet, fet Find object use LMT
SQ Sequence Lock
ST - Space Transaction

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Enqueue Waits : Locks

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

Locks Covered in this Section

Locks Can be Intractable

Insolvable: No dependable way to find the blocking SQL

fails V$active_session_history succeeds

In real time can also use

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

9i Enqueue P1: Type and Mode

9i Translating Lock and Mode

from v$session_wait TY LMODE -- ---------Where event=enqueue TX 6

10g Translates all the Enquques

enqueue waits Specific to each type of enqueue

had different meanings for each lock type Never defined

Defined in 10g Parameter 2 = ID1 Parameter 3 = ID2

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

Common Lock Types

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

Who is the blocker

BLOCKING_SESSION BLOCKING_SESSION_STATUS BLOCKING_SESSION_SERIAL#

What is the Blocker SQL

With what SQL

OEM externalize all of this

if P1 = 1415053318 then mode = 6 Then it is a data block row lock

10g: find the lock mode

P1RAW --------54580004 54580006 54580004

P1 mode ---------- ---1415053316 4 1415053318 6 1415053316 4

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

Mode Cheat Sheet

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

Transaction Locks (TX)

modification of a row lock

Transaction Locks (TX)

Wait on an ITL slot

Index block split

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

Wait for Tx To commit

Undo Segment Header

Table Toto Data Block Data Block Header Header Transaction 1

Delete from toto where id = 2;

Delete from toto where id = 9;

enq: TX - row lock contention

enq: TX - row lock contention

if P1 = 1415053318 then mode = 6 Then it is a data block row lock

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

enq: TX - row lock contention

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

if P1 = 1415053316 then mode = 4 Not same data but conflicts

enq: TX - row lock contention

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

1. enq: TX - row lock contention

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

1. enq: TX - row lock contention

Mode 4 , unique index

2. enq: TX - row lock contention

insert into child values (2,88); -- hang

2. enq: TX - row lock contention

Foreign Key Session 1: Insert key into parent no commit

Session 2: Insert into child same key : Enqueue TX 4

3. enq: TX - row lock contention

Copyright 2006 Kyle Hailey

3. enq: TX - row lock contention

update t1 set n1 = 2 where n2 = 13;