Anatomy of Human Body

Basic Definitions
Anatomy- Study of human organs, their shape, size, position relative to other organs, their tissues & cells.

Physiology- Study of functions of human organs in normal conditions

Introduction
Anatomy deals with the structure (morphology) of the body and its parts

Physiology studies the functions of these parts

Two disciplines are closely interrelated

Cell

Simplest & smallest functional units of living matter that can maintain life & reproduce themselves. Different types of cells (e.g., muscle, nerve, blood, etc)

Structure of Cell

Cell
Simplest & smallest basic functional units of living beings
Can maintain life & also reproduce Different types of cells

Blood cell Nerve cell

Various Parts of Cell

Cell membrane

Cytoplasm which contains cell organelles

Nucleus

Tissues

A group of cells with similar structure & function is known as tissues 4 basic tissues in the human body are:

Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous

Human Body

Human body has several levels of organization The levels are Chemical level Cellular level Tissue level Organ level System level Organismic level

Homeostasis

Cells in the body require a relatively stable environment to survive & function Any change in their environment can cause the cells to reduce their level of function or die. The process of keeping the environment stable is termed as homeostasis Controlled by Nervous system & Endocrine system

Importance of Homeostasis

Classification of Systems

Systems involved in protection & movement

Integumentary or Skin & Soft tissue, Skeletal, Musculoskeletal System

Systems involved in controlling homeostasis

Nervous & Endocrine system

Systems involved in maintaining homeostasis

Cardiovascular, Lymphatic & Immune, Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, Excretory, Reproductory systems

Circulatory Digestive Endocrine Immune Integumentary Musculoskeletal Nervous Reproductive Urinary Haemopoetic

Skin & Soft Tissue

The largest organ of the body Made up of : Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous tissue, which contains fat Dermis contains nerves, blood vessels, sweat glands & sebaceous glands

Skin Structure

Musculoskeletal System

Comprises of all the bones in the body skeletal muscles, their associated cartilage & joints of the body. Functions: Supports & protects various organs of the body Assists in body movements & maintains posture Bone marrow forms cell components of blood like RBCs, WBCs, Platelets etc. Stores minerals like calcium

Musculoskeletal System

Nervous System

Central nervous system (brain & spinal cord) Cranial nerves (connect the brain to the head) Peripheral nerves (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, & sacral)

Nervous System

Cardiovascular System

Heart & blood vessels (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules & veins) Arteries carry O2 rich blood away from the heart to different parts of the body
Veins return CO2 rich blood to the heart.

Cardiovascular System

Heart

R ATRIUM

L ATRIUM

R VENTRICLE

L VENTRICLE

Heart

BODY RIGHT

LUNGS

LEFT

LUNGS
BODY

Heart

Blood & Lymphatic System

Comprises of plasma (the liquid part), & cells Plasma (55%) contains water, proteins, fat, salt, sugar, hormones, waste of metabolism etc. Cells (45%) are mainly RBCs, WBCs & platelets Function is to carry oxygen Acid-Base Inflammation & Immune mechanisms Homeostasis

BLOOD

Plasma Liquid part of blood

Red Blood Cells They carry oxygen to all parts of the body

BLOOD CELLS

Gastrointestinal System

GIT comprises of mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine & large intestine, rectum & anus Associate organs are: liver, gall bladder,pancreas & salivary glands Function: break down of food & absorption of nutrients along with elimination of waste in the form of feces( stools)

Gastrointestinal System

The Urinary System

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, & urethra

Function : Formation & excretion of urine Regulates fluid & electrolyte balance Maintains the acid-base balance & calcium balance

The Urinary System

Thank You