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To reduce maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity rates To improve the physical and mental health of women and children
To ensure that the pregnant woman and her fetus are in the best possible health. To detect early and treat properly complications
The first visit or initial visit should be made as early is pregnancy as possible. Return Visits: Once every month till 7th month. Once every 2 weeks till the 9th month Once every week during the 9th month, till labor.
Assessment
History
Examination
Investigation
Personal history Family history Medical and surgical history Menstrual history Obstetrical history History of present pregnancy
Fundal height Maternal weight Blood pressure measurements Fetal heart auscultation Urine testing for protein and glucose Questions about fetal movement Evidence supporting these practices is variable
Obesity (more than 20 kg above the weight-height formula) leads to an increased risk of gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension and Thromboembolic disorders
Contraindicated
measles mumps rubella yellow fever
Case Dependent
Physiological changes during pregnancy Weight gain Fresh air and sunshine Rest and sleep Diet Daily activities Exercises and relaxation Hygiene Teeth Bladder and bowel Sexual counseling
Smoking : Medications Infection Irradiation Occupational and environmental hazards Travel Follow up Minor discomforts Signs of Potential Complications
Pregnant woman should avoid contact with infectious diseases especially rubella or (German measles) because it has deleterious effects on the fetus Pregnant woman should avoid exposure to x-ray or irradiation because of possible teratogenic effects on the fetus such as birth defects or childhood leukemia
Urinary frequency
RELIEF MEASURES:
Decrease fluid intake at night. Maintain fluid intake during day. Void when feel the urge.
RELIEF MEASURES: Wear a good supporting bra. Assess for other conditions.
RELIEF MEASURES:
long periods.
Elevate legs when laying or sitting. Avoid tight stockings.
Rest in sims' position. Elevate legs regularly. Avoid crossing legs. Avoid tight stockings. Avoid long periods of standing
RELIEF MEASURES: Maintain regular bowel habits. Use prescribed stool softeners. Apply topical or anesthetic ointments to area.
RELIEF MEASURES: Maintain regular bowel habits. Increase fiber in diet. Increase fluids. Find iron preparation that is least constipating
RELIEF MEASURES:
Take a daily bath or shower. Wear cotton underwear.
RELIEF MEASURES:
Rise slowly from sitting to standing. Evaluate hemoglobin and Hematocrit. Avoid hot environments
Father Ambivalence about being a parent. Concern of moving into a parenting role. Stress due to financial issues, changing relationship with partner, his role in the pregnancy. Concern about their ability to parent. May exhibit signs or symptoms related to the pregnancy.
Sudden gush of fluid from vagina Vaginal bleeding Abdominal pain Temperature and chills Dizziness, blurring of vision
Persistent vomiting Severe headache Edema of hands, feet, face and legs Muscular irritability, convulsions Epigastric pain Oliguria, Dysuria Absence of fetal movement
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