Helwan University Faculty of Mataria Energy Engineering Program

Combined-cycle power plant

(1) STEAM POWER PLANT (2) COMPARISON BETWEEN COMBINEDCYCLE AND OTHER POWER PLANT

The Simple Ideal Rankine Cycle

The model cycle for vapor power cycles is the Rankine cycle which is composed of four internally reversible processes: The McGraw-Hill Companies, constant-pressure heat addition in a boiler. Inc.,1998 isentropic expansion in a turbine. constant-pressure heat rejection in a condenser. Isentropic compression in a pump. Steam leaves the condenser as a saturated liquid at the condenser pressure.

Rankine Cycle: Actual Vapor Power Deviation and Pump and Turbine Irreversibilities

(a) Deviation of actual vapor power cycle from the ideal Rankine cycle. (b) The effect of pump and turbine irreversibilities on the ideal Rankine cycle.

Effect of Lowering Condenser Pressure on the Ideal Rankine cycle

The thermal efficiency of the Rankine cycle can be increased by increasing the average temperature at which heat is added to the working fluid and/or by decreasing the average temperature at which heat is rejected to the cooling medium. The average temperature during heat rejection can be decreased by lowering the turbine exit pressure. Consequently, the condenser pressure of most vapor power below the atmospheric pressure.

Effect of Increasing Boiler Pressure on the Ideal Rankine cycle

The average temperature during heat addition can be increased by raising the boiler pressure or by superheating the fluid to high temperatures. There is a limit to the degree of superheating, however, since the fluid temperature is not allowed to exceed a safe value. Superheating has the added advantage of decreasing the moisture content of the steam at the turbine exit.

Ideal Regenerative Rankine Cycle with Open Feedwater Heater

Another way of increasing the thermal efficiency of the Rankine cycle is by regeneration. The two streams are mixed in open feedwater heaters, and the mixture leaves as a saturated liquid at the heater pressure.

Ideal Regenerative Rankine Cycle with Closed Feedwater Heater

During a regeneration process, liquid water (feedwater) leaving the pump is heated by some steam bled off the turbine at some intermediate pressure in devices called feedwater heaters (deaerator). In closed feedwater heaters, heat is transferred from the steam to the feedwater without mixing.
(Fig. 9-16)

A Steam Power Plant With One Open and Three Closed Feedwater Heaters

Comparison of Combined cycle with other power plants

The comparison will became between below power station:
1- Combined power station. 2- Gas power station. 3- Steam power station.

o The main range of ratings is between 30 to 500 MW.

1. Comparison of efficiency

2. Comparison of price

CC (Combined-cycle plant). ST-RC ( Reheat steam turbine plant, coal-fired). ST-R ( Reheat steam turbine plant, gas-fired). ST-NR ( Non-reheat steam turbine plant, gas-fired). GT ( Gas turbine power plant).

3. Comparison of availability
The availability depend on the economy of power plant. The time availability of well-designed and maintained plants are as follows :
1- Combined power station.(gas-fired) 85%-90% 2- Gas power station.(gas-fired) 88%-95% 3- Steam power station.(oil or gas-fired) 85%-90% 4- Steam power station.(coal-burning) 80%-85% o The major factors determining the availability of plant are: - Design of major components. - Mode of operation ( Base load or peak load ). - Type of fuel. - Qualifications and skills of the operating and maintenance crews.

4. Comparison of Construction time

The construction time effect in the economy of the unit for selecting.

5. Comparison of fuels
The important factors required to select the fuel:
- Long-term availability of the fuel at a reasonable of cost. - Risk of supply storage due to political interference such as war. - Environmental protection.

o The various types of power plants and the fuels they can burn