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Whole blood.
The standard unit of whole blood contains 450ml of blood added to 50 to 60ml of liquid anticoagulant preservative ( CPDA-1) Citrate acts as the anticoagulant.( by binding calcium )
Adenosine
Contd
Blood type O A B AB antigen No antigen A antigen B antigen A & B antigen Antibody in plasma Anti A & anti B Anti B Anti A none Recipient O, A, B, AB A & AB B & AB AB
plasma components
Fresh frozen plasma when packed red cells are separated from whole blood the remaining plasma fraction is stored at -18oc ( rapid freezing helps prevent inactivation of labile coagulation factors V & VII. FFP contains all plasma proteins including all clotting factors.
Contd
Indications 1.to provide coagulation factor. 2.to reverse warfarin effect. Compatibility testing is not necessary. Slow thawing of FFP yields a gelatinous precipitate ( cryoprecipitate) that contains high concentration of factors ( V & VII ) & fibrinogen. Once separated, this cryoprecipitate can be refrozen for storage. Once thawed, it must be transfused within 24 h.
platelets
Stored at room temperature, refrigeration decreases platelet viability. Should be used within 6hrs of blood donation. Should be administered with out filter. Used in thrombocytopenia or abnormal platelet function. ABO- compatible platelet transfusions are desirable but not necessary.
Massive transfusion.
Is defined as the replacement of an entire blood volume in 24 hrs. complications. 1. coagulopathy due to dilutional thrombocytopenia. 2. citrate toxicity leads to hypocalcaemia. 3. hypothermia.