OMF010003 Power Control ISSUE1.

Wireless Training Department

Course Contents

Power control overview

HWpower control
HWpower control

Power Control Overview

Power control

Adjust the transmitting power of BTS and MS when needed.

Based on measurement reports of BTS and MS

Purpose

Save the power of BTS and MS; Reduce the interference of the network; Increase the quality of the network.

Power Control Overview

Power control includes uplink power control and downlink

power control, Which are performed independently

Uplink power control: Adjust TX power of MS to let BTS receive stable signal, reduce the uplink co-channel and adjacent channel interference, reduce power consumption of MS.

Downlink power control: Adjust BTS TX power to let MS receive stable signal, reduce the downlink co-channel and adjacent channel interference, reduce power consumption of BTS.

Power Control Overview

Process of power control commands

It takes 3 measurement report periods(480ms/period) from

command sending to execution.

BTS sends the command for power control and TA in SACCH header.

SACCCH report period: 26X4=104 frames (480ms)

BTS receives the measurement report

SA0

SA1 SA2 SA3

SA0 SA1
MS adopts the new power level and TA

SA2 SA3 SA0

SA1 SA2 SA3

MS begins to send the measurement report of the last multi-frame.

In the 26 multi-frames, frame 12 sends SACCH.

MS obtains SACCH block

MS begins to set up a new SACCH header to report the new TA and power control message.

Power Control Overview

Huawei power control algorithm: HW I and HW II power control

Measurement report pre-processing

Yes
Power control algorithm selection

GSM0508 power control algorithm

HW I power control algorithm

HW II power control algorithm

Power Control Overview

Power control judgment and the selection of HWI algorithm or

HWII algorithm

Power control algorithm selected in power control data table Power control judgment is controlled by BTS measurement report pre-processing item which can be selected in handover control data table

MR. Pre-process (measurement report pre-processing): This switch decide where power control be processed. If

measurement report pre-processing is yes, power control is

processed in BTS, and when setting it no, power control is processed in BSC.

Course Contents

Power control overview

HWpower control
HWpower control

HW I Power Control

HW I power control

Process of HW I power control

MR pre-processing Data configuration for HW I power control comparison of uplink power control with downlink power control

HW I Power Control

Process of HW I power control

Measurement report pre-processing

Aim achieved ?

Y N
Power control calculation and adjustment

HW I Power Control

Original data of power control -- measurement report

Uplink MR

BTS

Network

Downlink measurement report

HW I Power Control

Measurement report

Uplink measurement report

Downlink measurement report

HW I Power Control

Measurement report pre-processing -- interpolation

Each measurement report has a serial number. When the serial

numbers are discontinuous, this indicates that some measurement reports must be missed. In this case, the network will fill up the measurement report according to interpolation algorithm.
Consecutive measurement report flow

MR

MR

MR

MR
MR

Measurement report serial number n

Measurement report serial number n+4

3 missing measurement reports

HW I Power Control

Measurement report pre-processing -- filtering

Calculate average results of several consecutive measurement

reports to obtain the current information, reduce the influence of some abnormal measurement reports for the judgment of power control.

Consecutive measurement report flow

MR
MR

MR

MR

MR

MR

Filter

HW I Power Control

HW I power control data configuration and parameter

introduction
[BTS power control table]
Parameter Meaning name DL RX_LEV The expected signal level of MS in stable status, Expected Expected stable downlink signal level > downlink edge HO threshold Otherwise, ping-pang HO will be caused. DL RX_LEV The power adjustment value varies with this parameter. The Compensati adjustment value caused by power level equal to the difference on between the expected signal level and the actual receiving signal level multiply this factor. DL Qual. Expected signal quality of MS in stable status. Expected DL The power adjustment value varies with this parameter. The Qual.Comp adjustment value caused by signal quality equal to ensation 10*difference between the expected signal quality level and the actual receiving signal quality level multiply this factor. MAX PC maximum adjustment range in one BTS power control Step command Value range 063 Recommende d value 35

0100

80
(signal ex-signal rx)*80%=adjust ment value

0 7 Levels 0100

1 20 [10*(quality RX-quality EX)*20%] 8

Levels 0~16, 2dB each step

HW I Power Control

[BTS power control table]

Parameter name BTS PC Period Filter length for DL RX_LEV Value range Time interval for implementing two power control commands 110 (unit count of SACCH period) Content: indicating the number of measurement reports in 132 which the average of uplink signal strength is taken before MS power adjustment at stable stage. The purpose is to remove the influence of some abnormal reports. When the filter length is too long, the influence due to abnormal reports will be weakened, but the MS power adjustment is not timely. Indicating the minimum transmitting power value supported by 0~36 the BTS Indicating the maximum transmitting power value supported 0~56 by the BTS. Meaning Recommende d value 5 5

BTS Min power BTS Max power

4 According BTS type to

HW I Power Control
[MS power control data table]
Parameter name initial RX_LEV expected Stable EX_LEV Expected UL RX_LEV compensati on Meaning Value range Recommended value 30

The expected BTS receiving signal level in the initial stage 0~63dBm when MS access the network. The expected BTS receiving signal level in stable status. 0~63dBm Expected stable signal level > uplink margin HO threshold (HO parameter). Otherwise, ping-pang HO will be caused. Give an adjustment for the power control level value, the 0~100 actual power level value MS should change is the result of this parameter multiply the difference between the expected uplink signal level and the actual BTS receiving signal level. The expected BTS receiving signal quality in stable status.

30

80

UL Qual. Expected UL Qual. The power adjustment value varies with this parameter. The 0100 20 compensat adjustment value caused by signal quality equal to ion 10*difference between the expected signal quality level and the actual receiving signal quality level times this factor. Max PC The maximum level of MS power that can be dynamically Level 1~16, 8 step adjusted. 2dB/level.

HW I Power Control

[MS power control table]

Parameter name Meaning Value range 0~30 1~32 Value recommen ded 5 2

PC interval Filter length for Initial RX_LEV Filter length for stable RX_LEV

Time interval between the implementations of two power control algorithms; unit: SACCH period This is the number of measurement reports required for predicting the signal strength at the initial stage. Unit: Measurement reports This is the number of measurement reports required for predicting the signal strength at the stable power control stage. Unit: Measurement reports This is the number of the measurement reports required for assessing signal quality at the stable stage. Unit: Number of measurement reports

1-31

Filter length for Qual.

1~30

HW I Power Control

HW I power control judgment

The adjustment on the current output power=(Expected signal

strength in stable status - strength of signal currently received) * up (down) link compensating factor +[quality of uplink(downlink) currently received - expected uplink(downlink) quality]*10* uplink(downlink) quality compensating factor

The final adjustment power level should be no more than the maximum power control step size, the formula for stable level is: stable level = currently level + the adjustment value on current out put power

HW I Power Control

Power control will not occur in case of these three conditions

Both level and quality equal to the setting values (HW I power
control), or level and quality are within threshold band(HW II power control)

Adjusting range less than error tolerance Adjusting range less than minimum power control step

HW I Power Control

HW I power control judgment

Before judging the signal level to be adjusted, query the error

tolerance table according to the current transmitting power level. Adjustment will not be done if the power adjustment value is less than the error tolerance value.

1800M:

Error tolerance table for 900M and 1800M is as follows:

0 Level Error tolerance 2

1 2

2 2

3 2

4 2

5 2

6 2

7 2

8 2

9 3

10 3

11 3

12 3

13 3

14 4

15 4

16 4

17 2

18 2

19 2

900M
0 Level Error tolerance 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

HW I Power Control

Comparison uplink and downlink of HW I power control .

Similarity:
1. To avoid frequently changes of signal level, the PC interval time between the two consecutive uplink and downlink power control are limited.

2. To reduce the influence caused by abnormal reports, all

measurement reports should be filtered. 3. Both uplink and downlink power controls include level-specific and quality-specific power controls.

4. Both uplink and downlink power controls have maximum power

control step size limit and compensating factor.

HW I Power Control

Comparison uplink and downlink of HW I power control .

Differentia:
1. Including power control for the stable status, MS also has power control when MS access the network, thus to reduce transmitting power of MS as soon as possible.

2. For uplink, precautions are ready for increase MS transmitting

power in case HO fails. 3. For downlink, there are maximum and minimum transmitting power limits in power control data configuration.

HW I Power Control

HW I power control exercise

Given conditions:
900M MS transmitting at the maximum power, uplink receiving level of the 900M BTS is 60dBm, uplink quality level is always 0. Parameter configuration in [BTS power/MS power control table] is

as follows stable RX_LEV Expected is 35, UL RX_LEV

Compensation is 80, UL Qual. expected is 1, and UL Qual. compensation is 20, and the max. PC step is 16dB.

Exercise

HW I power control exercise

Question:
1. Suppose that power control will no longer be done once the power value to be adjusted is less than 2dB, what is the approximate stable power value after power control with the above

data configuration?
2. According to the error tolerance list, suppose the initial MS transmitting power is level 3, what is the maximum uplink receiving level in stable status after power control?

Exercise

HW I power control exercise

Answers for question 1:

Stable level = current actual level + [(expected signal intensity in stable status current actual level) * uplink path loss compensating factor] + [actual current quality expected uplink signal quality) * 10 *

uplink quality compensating factor] = -60+[(-75-(-60))*80 ]+[(01)*10*20] = -60-12-2 -74dBm. Now its necessary to adjust -14dB (no larger than the maximum power control step size), but it needs further adjustment because it fails to reach -75dBm, the expected

signal level in stable status. Use -74 in the above formula again for
calculation, and the power to be adjusted is -2.8dB. Because no power control adjustment will be done when the power value to be adjusted is smaller than -2, it still needs to be changed 2dB lower, so the uplink receiving level is -76dBm at last.

Exercise
Answers for question 2:
Query the error tolerance table, the tolerance of level 3 is 4dB, the
power to be adjusted for the second time is 2.8, which is less than 4 and up to the requirement, so the final uplink receiving level is 74dBm in stable status. -

Course Contents

Power control overview

HWpower control
HWpower control

HW I I Power Control

HW I I power control

Power control algorithm implementation

Main feature of HW I I Power control

HW I I Power Control

Power control judgment process

Measurement report preprocessing

The power control demand according to the receiving level The power control demand according to receiving quality

General power control judgement

Send the power control command

HW I I Power Control

Power control demand based on receiving level.

After measurement report pre-processing, the power control

module makes a comparison between the expected signal level and the current receiving signal level.

Calculate the transmitting power level step size to be adjusted, making the receiving level value closer to the expected value.

Adopt variable step size when adjusting the transmitting power according to the receiving level, so as to achieve the expected level as soon as possible.

HW I I Power Control

Power control demand based on receiving quality

After measurement report pre-processing, the power control

module makes comparison between the expected quality level and the current receiving quality level.

Calculate the step size of the transmitting power level to be adjusted.

Increase the transmitting power in case of poor receiving quality Decrease the transmitting power in case of good receiving

quality

Adopt fixed step size when adjust the transmitting power according to the receiving quality.

HW I I Power Control

General power control judgment

Power control by receiving level AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Lev No action No action No action Power control by receiving quality AdjStep_Qul AdjStep_Qul No action AdjStep_Qul AdjStep_Qul No action AdjStep_Qul AdjStep_Qul No action max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul) AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Qul AdjStep_Qul No action Power control by signal level and quality max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul) No action AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Lev

HW I I Power Control

HW I I power control

Power control algorithm implementation

Main feature of HW I I Power control

HW II Power Control

HW II power control has the following advantages:

Measurement report compensation -- makes power control

judgment more accurate

Measurement report prediction --to avoid power control later than needed, the delay is dangerous in case of poor level or bad quality

Power control expected signal level and quality threshold falls within a band, this avoids receiving signal level fluctuate up and down frequently

HW II Power Control

Measurement report compensation

Purpose: Ensure the accuracy of selection of the history measurement report before filtering.

Implementation steps:
1. Put the current receiving measurement report into the measurement report compensation queue. 2. Record the changed information of the transmitting power according to the MS and BTS power levels in the measurement report. 3.After finish the measurement report compensation, system will compensate the receiving level of the history measurement report according to the power change information. The compensated measurement reports will be the original data in the filter process. 4. Filter the compensated measurement reports.

HW II Power Control

Measurement report compensation

Power control effect diagram of measurement report compensation
70 60 50 Y axis 40 30
Power control diagram when there is no measurement report compensation

Diagram when there is no power control

Power control diagram when there is measurement report compensation

20
10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 X axis 0

The expected receiving signal level: 30 The power control will be more effective with measurement report compensation.

HW II Power Control

Measurement report prediction

Purpose
to avoid power control later than needed, the delay is dangerous in case of poor level or bad quality

Implementation procedure
1. Analyze the tendency of MR by the historical measurement reports after interpolation. 2. Guide by the tendency, to predict the values of measurement report to be received. There are 0~3 measurement reports prediction, which are configured on OMC. 3. Filter the interpolated, compensated and predicted measurement reports, and implement power control judgment.

HW II Power Control

Measurement report prediction

Diagram of power control effect comparison between prediction filter and mean filter

50 45

40
Y axis 35 30 25 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 X axis 15

No power control
Mean filter power control Prediction filter power control

The expected receiving signal level: 30

The power control with prediction filter will be more effective than that with mean filter

HW II Power Control

Adaptive power control:

Adaptive power control refers to changeable power control

strategy according to the communication environment, it makes power control more effective and stable.
Automatically change the adjustable maximum step size of power control according to different communication environment (different receiving quality). Adopt different power control strategies according to different communication environments (different receiving quality and level).

HW II Power Control

Power control within the upper/lower thresholds

As for HW II power control in case of calculating power control

step size according to signal level and quality, the signal level and quality have upper/lower thresholds. Power control will not execute if the signal level and quality is within the threshold bands.

Avoid the signal level up-and-down caused by power control.

HW II Power Control

Simple parameter configuration

All needed to do is to configure simple parameters as follows:

Signal level and quality upper/lower thresholds of up/down link Three kinds of step sizes for adjustment by level Step size for adjustment by quality

HW II Power Control
[HW II power control table] main parameters 1:
Parameter name filter length for UL RX_LEV filter length for DL RX_LEV filter length for UL Qual. filter length for DL Qual. Meaning How many uplink measurement reports obtained for the average uplink signal level to be used for uplink power control adjustment. How many downlink measurement reports obtained for the average downlink signal level to be used for downlink power control adjustment. How many uplink measurement reports obtained for the average uplink quality level to be used for uplink power control adjustment. How many downlink measurement reports obtained for the average downlink quality level to be used for downlink power control adjustment. If yes, System put the currently received measurement report into the measurement report compensation queue, and record the transmitting power information according to MS and BTS power values. And then interpolation, compensate the receiving level value of the record measurement report according to the power change information. The number of uplink pred. MR in the filter using for power control judgment. The number of downlink pred. MR in the filter using for power control judgment. Value range 1~20 Recommen ded value 6

1~20 1~20 1~20

6 6 6

MR compensati on allowed UL MR number predicted DL MR number predicted

Yes, no

Yes

0~3 reports

0~3 reports

HW II Power Control
[HW II power control table] main parameters 2:
Parameter name PC interval Value range Time between two power control command implementation 1~30 (SACCH period) UL RX_LEV This parameter specifies the uplink signal level upper threshold. 0~63 upper When the signal level higher than this value, calculate a power threshold decrement [=receiving level - (upper threshold + lower threshold)/2]. This decrement value should consider together with the maximum step size allowed for different quality zone which the receiving signal quality located. UL RX_LEV This parameter specifies the uplink signal level lower threshold. 0~63 lower When the signal level higher than this value, calculate a power threshold increase [= (upper threshold + lower threshold)/2- receiving level]. This increase also consider together with the maximum step size allowed for different quality zone which the receiving signal quality located. UL Qual. This parameter specifies the uplink quality upper threshold. Level upper 0~7 threshold UL Qual. This parameter specifies the uplink quality lower threshold for Level lower power control 0~7 threshold Meaning Recommended value 5

35

25

HW II Power Control
[HW II power control table] main parameters--3
Parameter name Meaning This parameter specifies the downlink signal level upper threshold. When the signal level higher than this value, calculate a power decrement [=receiving level (upper threshold + lower threshold)/2]. This decrement should consider together with the maximum step size allowed for different quality zone which the receiving signal quality located. This parameter specifies the downlink signal level lower threshold. When the signal level higher than this value, calculate a power increase [= (upper threshold + lower threshold)/2- receiving level]. This increase also consider together with the maximum step size allowed for different quality zone which the receiving signal quality located. This parameter specifies the downlink quality upper threshold for power control This parameter specifies the downlink quality lower threshold for power control Value range Recommen ded value

DL RX_LEV upper threshold

0~63

40

DL EX_LEV lower threshold

0~63

30

DL Qual. upper threshold DL Qual. lower threshold

Level 0~7

Level 0~7

HW II Power Control
[HW II power control table] main parameters--4
Parameter name max. adj. value for Qual. Zone 0 max. adj. value for Qual. Zone 1 max. adj. value for Qual. Zone 2 adj. PC value by Rx Qual. Meaning This parameter specifies the maximum power adj. step size allow ed when adj. the power according to the signal level when the Rx quality is 0. This parameter specifies the maximum power adj. step size allow ed when adj. the power according to the signal level when the Rx quality is 1 or 2. This parameter specifies the maximum power adj. step size allow ed when adj. the power according to the signal level when the R x quality is equal to or more than 3. Value range 0~30dB Recommende d value 16

0~30dB

0~30dB

Specifying the adj. step size allow ed when the 0~4dB power control is adjusted according the receiving signal quality. That is to say, the step size is constant for power control by quality, but the step size varies with quality in case of power control by signal level.

Exercise

Exercises for HW II power control

Given conditions:
The uplink receiving level is -85dBm, the quality is level 4. Power control algorithm is HW II. Data configuration is as follows: Uplink signal level upper threshold:

-60dBm, uplink signal level lower threshold: - 80dBm. Uplink signal

upper quality threshold: level 0. Uplink signal lower quality threshold: level 2. The adjustable step size of quality band 0 is 16dB, of quality band 1 is 8dB, and of quality 2 is 4 dB. The adjustable step size for

power control by quality is 4dB.

Question: What will be the uplink stable receiving level after power control?

Exercise

Exercises for HW II power control

Answer.
First, transmitting power to be added according to receiving level = (uplink signal level upper threshold + uplink signal level lower threshold)/2-actual receiving level (-60 + (-80))/2-(-85)(-70)-(-

85)15dB. As the receiving quality is level 4, only adjustable step

size of quality band 2 can be used -- increase 4dB. Second, the transmitting power to be increased according to receiving quality = as power control adjustment step size by quality

is 4dB, thus increase 4dB, the same as adjustment by signal level.

Therefore, according to the general judgement on power control, 4dB should be increased for adjustment either by level or by quality.

Exercise

Exercises for HW II power control

Answer .
After the implementation of step 1 power control, the receiving level becomes: -85dBm + 4dB=-81dBm, Suppose the quality reach already in level 2 here, it still fails within the expected band 80dBm~-60dBm. Therefore, it needs to be adjusted. First: adjust by level -- repeat the previous step: adjustment by level = (-70) (-81) = 11db, i.e. to increase 11dB. If the receiving quality has been improved to level 2, and the adjustable step size with quality band 1 is 8dB. Then, the result of adjustment by level is to increase 8dB. Second: adjustment by quality--as the receiving quality value is between 0 and 2, Neednt adjust. Therefore, the uplink stable receiving level = (-81) + 8 = -73dBm. -