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Click to edit Master titleParks style Impulse Ventilation for Car

A Practical Guide for Selection & Application

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Click to edit Master title style Car park Ventilation with Jet Fans
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Introduction to Car park Impulse/Induction Ventilation.

Second level Useful cases for where Impulse

/ Induction Ventilation can be used effectively.

How to use Impulse/Induction Ventilation.

CFD and Smoke Test.

Why Should We Consider The Use of Click to edit Master title style Impulse/Induction Ventilation?
Capital cost savings can be found through reduced car park and site excavation. height Click toless edit Master text styles

Slab penetrations can be reduced. Less, or no need for Third level plant rooms, ducting Fourth level and plenums, allowing more space for parking etc. Fifth level
The car park is too large to ventilate naturally. More effective dilution of contaminants within car park environment than required by the Standards.

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Click to edit Master title style Typical Ducted System Installation

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32 min., +60m visibility

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32 min., +60m visibility

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32 min., +60m visibility

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32 min., +60m visibility

Click to edit Master title style Typical Impulse Fan Installation

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32 min., +60m visibility

So What Is Impulse/Induction Click to edit Master title style Ventilation?

The use of Jet fans to move and to mix the air within an entire space.

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Conventional ducted system

Pollutants are efficiently diluted throughout the entire volume or space.

Fresh air is introduced and exhaust air removed for closed car parks via natural or mechanical means.

Impulse system

No ductwork network for supply & exhaust air.

Click to edit Master title style How Does An Impulse/Induction

System Work?
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Click to edit Master title style Examples of Impulse/Induction fan

Installations
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Axial Second level

MultiFlow

Centrifugal

Click to edit Master title style Impulse/Induction Ventilation

Schemes
Click to edit Master text styles There Are Three Arrangements That We Can Use:
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Third level Linear Flow
Fourth level Fifth/level Circular mixing flow

Assisted natural flow / augmented (part) ducted system

Click to edit Master title style Linear Flow

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Click to edit Master title style Circular Mixing

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Click to edit Master title style Assisted System

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Click to edit Master title style Assess The Car Park Geometry
Natural air path in car park

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Preferred Natural Air Path

To Be Avoided

Click to edit Master title style Fan Arrangement - Best Practice

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Fans Discharge Parallel To Beams Most Effective Fans Discharge Perpendicular To Beams Less Effective

Click to edit Master title style Watch Out For Obstructions

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Obstruction Too Close

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Obstruction Out Of The Way

Always ensure that best practice is followed with respect to site coordination between trades to avoid unnecessary clashes between fans, pipe work, signage and any other obstructions.

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Services
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Fan Sizing Quantities Click to editand Master title style

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Based on 5N per 100m2 floor area, minimum total fan thrust = car park floor area x 5N/100m2 = 1920m2 x 5N/100m2 = 96N Minimum thrust criteria can be achieved with 4 x JISU-CPC-50N fans on low speed (operating thrust 25N), total fan thrust= 25N x 4= 100N

Click to edit Master title style Thrust Ratings & Throw Distance
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Maximum coverage relate to distances from fan where air speed >1m/s

Width of coverage taken to be 20m Generically

Thrust Rating Vs Noise Levels Click to edit Master title style

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Axial Impulse Fan

Max. Thrust 50N (High Speed) 12N (Low Speed) (Based upon JVU-CPA-400, 400 dia. 2/4pole motor, 423mm height).

Click to edit Master title Fan style Centrifugal Induction

Thrust 100N (High Speed) 50N (Low Speed) (Based upon JISU-CPC-100N with VSD, 320mm height).

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Click to edit Master title style Overhead Height Requirements

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Click to edit Master title style Overhead Height Requirements

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Click to edit Master title style Overhead Height Requirements

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Click to edit Master title style Control Options

Jet Fans suit individual switching

bestlevel efficiency Second

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Click to edit Master text styles CO Sensors and control logic required for
Fans 2 Speed, VSD Fourth level or Fifth level EC Motored Speed Controlled

Typically CO sensors control a zone of 400m2 Energy Saving Opportunity

Control CO Contamination Click to Versus edit Master title style

(Two Zones)
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Ducted System Response Click to edit Master title style

At Part Occupancy

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Impulse System Response Click to edit Master title style

At Part Occupancy

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Click toControl edit Master title style Impulse System - Overview

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Click to edit Master title style Two-Speed Control

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Click to edit Master title style Analogue Variable Speed Control

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3 Ph. Isolators JetVent Zone Controllers

Typical Controls Cabinet (Analogue)

Expansion Boards for >2 CO sensors per controller

24Volt AC Transformer

VSDs

Sinusoidal Filters (external rotor motors)

JIU-CPCEC-55N Digital EC Fan Click to edit Master title style

Electronically Commutated motors
Thrust 55N (High Speed) 35N (at 65 dBA) (365 mm height - currently)

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Wiring arrangement for EC Click to edit Master title style Digital Induction fan

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Click to edit Master title style BCA Ventilation Legislative

Requirements
This system is an alternative solution under the Click to edit Master text styles BCA, as opposed to a Deemed-to-satisfy ducted Second level system
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Fourth level Relevant performance requirements are in terms of Fifth level CO Concentration 100/60/30ppm - peak, 1hr Avg & 8hr Avg requirements

Systems are validated by either proof of performance (usually CFD) or using expert judgement

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CFD Plot with Velocity Vectors, Scale in m/s

CFD Plot of CO Concentration Levels, Scale in ppm Expertise available via specialized consultancies Useful to validate performance, AS1668.2 requirements Analysis done on PHOENICS, FLUENT and other codes

Velocity Click to edit Plots Master title style

Ducted System

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Velocity Click to edit Plots Master title style

Impulse System

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Click to edit Master title style Induction Fan Smoke Test

System viewed in SE Asia, designed to BS7346-7:2006 Systems designed to BS7346-7:2006, usually Click to edit Master text styles commissioned with Hot/Cold Smoke tests, rather than CFD Fire Brigades. forSecond level Gives a visual indication Fourth level of how well the system works. Car park smoke logged prior to fan operation. Fans started and smoke production ceased at 0 minutes.
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A ducted system typically clears to 30m visibility in 30-40min.

Click to edit Master title style Smoke Clearance & Visibility Test
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Start, Approx 8.0m visibility

Click to edit Master title style Smoke Clearance & Visibility Test
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+5 min., 12m visibility

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8 min., 16m visibility

12 min., 24m visibility

15 min., 32m visibility

Click to edit Master title style Smoke Clearance & Visibility Test
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18 min., 40m visibility

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20 min., 48m visibility

24 min., 56m visibility

28 min., 60m visibility

Click to edit Master title style Smoke Clearance & Visibility Test
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Click to edit Master title style Smoke / Fire Requirements

AS1668.1:1998 (Clause 5.5) states: park Click to edit Master text styles Car ventilation systems are not required as smoke control and the requirements of section 4 are systems Second level not applicable.

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Fourth level Exhaust fans not temperature rated, but go into full level speed if fire is Fifth detected

Supply fans and Impulse fans shut down in the event of smoke intake Full manual overrides for attending Fire Brigade

Case Study IKEA Harvey Norman

Case Study IKEA Harvey Click to edit Master titleNorman style Project summary
Located in Springvale approx. 20km South East of Melbourne CBD

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71,000 m2 of bulky goods space. Largest retail Second level Homemaker Centre in southern hemisphere Car park floor area approx. 100,000m2

2800 car spaces over 2 levels Semi enclosed upper and lower levels

Case Study IKEA Harvey Click to edit Master titleNorman style Fan details
94 x Fans installed on both floors A special JIU-CPCEC-92N model Second level developed specifically for this project

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Fourth level Onboard isolation, electronic Fifth protection and speed control on the level fan itself

Case Study Ikea Harvey Norman Click to edit Master title style 3D layout lower & upper levels
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Case Study IKEA Harvey Click to edit Master titleNorman style CFD analysis
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Airflow

Pollution

Case Study IKEA Harvey Click to edit Master titleNorman style Cost savings
Electrical installation simplified due to onboard isolators Click to edit Master and speed control (Reduction in wiring) text styles

Reduction in the size and number of mechanical Third switchboards due to the deletion oflevel external variable filtration Fourth level speed control and active line
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Ducting and shaft risers removed, no visual obstructions

Case Study IKEA Harvey Click to edit Master titleNorman style The result
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Conclusion
Impulse/Induction Ventilation offers the client a commercially viable alternative option to the traditional 1668 Click to ventilation edit Master Car park designtext styles
The system offers simplified building design and a Third level reduction in construction cost Simplified electrical Fourth level and mechanical installation This system is approved as an alternative solution under BCA. CFD analysis best to confirm designs and provide proof of performance Energy Savings / Demand Control
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