1.

2 Heat and internal energy 1

Hand warmer and cooling belt Heat

Internal energy
Power
?

Check-point 2

1.2 Heat and internal energy

Hand warmer and cooling belt

Have you ever used hand warmers in cold weather? Why can it warm you up?

1.2 Heat and internal energy

Hand warmer and cooling belt

Have you ever used cooling belts when you have a fever? Why can it cool you down?

1.2 Heat and internal energy

Heat

When two bodies of different temperatures touch each other, body of lower temp. warmed up body of higher temp. cooled down

1.2 Heat and internal energy

Heat

Energy is transferred between bodies of different temperatures until they reach the same temp. Such energy transferred is called heat. Heat A form of energy Unit: Joule (J)

1.2 Heat and internal energy

Heat

In doing work, such as drilling a wood,

chemical energy in our body internal energy of the wood Energy is transferred from one body to another.
1.2 Heat and internal energy

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a

Internal energy
What is internal energy?

Energy stored in a body

Internal energy when... temp. of the body ; the body changes state: solid liquid/liquid gas Unit: Joule (J)

1.2 Heat and internal energy

Temperature and internal energy internal potential kinetic + = energy energy (PE) energy (KE)

T ,

Solid liquid/
Liquid gas particles further apart PE

particles move faster ave. KE

1.2 Heat and internal energy

Power

How long does it take to heat up an object or how fast is the work done? rate of energy transfer
energy power time

E P t

Unit: watt (W) / joule per second (J s1)

1.2 Heat and internal energy

Power

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When 1-kW heater is switched on for 1 h... Energy transferred

= 1000 W 60 60 s = 3.6 MJ = 1 kilowatt-hour (kW h)

unit for calculating the cost of electricity
1.2 Heat and internal energy

Power

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Joulemeter measures the energy supplied to low voltage (12 V a.c.) appliances
1.2 Heat and internal energy

Kilowatt-hour meter measures the energy supplied to appliances connected to the mains (220 V a.c.)

Check-point 2
1
E

12

When we put a spoon Which of the following statements...

3
4 5

A light bulb is connected to...

What is the energy consumed... An immersion heater rated at
1.2 Heat and internal energy

Check-point 2 Q1 When we put a spoon into a bowl of hot soup,

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1.2 Heat and internal energy

Check-point 2 Q1
A B C D the internal energy of the soup is transferred to the spoon. the internal energy of the soup decreases. the spoon stores more heat. the temperature of the spoon falls.
1.2 Heat and internal energy

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Check-point 2 Q2 Which of the following physical quantities is/are measured in joule? (1) (2) A B C D

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(3) Power Heat Internal energy

(1) only. (2) only. (1) and (2) only. (1), (2) and (3).
1.2 Heat and internal energy

Check-point 2 Q3 A light bulb is connected to a joulemeter. The light bulb is on and the reading of the joulemeter changes. What does the joulemeter measure? A B C D Heat given off by the light bulb. Internal energy of the light bulb. Temperature of the light bulb. Energy used by the light bulb.
1.2 Heat and internal energy

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Check-point 2 Q4 What is the energy consumed by a 2-kW heater in 30 minutes? Energy consumed by the heater = Pt = 2000 30 60

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= 3 600 000 J = 3.6 MJ

1.2 Heat and internal energy

Check-point 2 Q5 An immersion heater rated at 50 W heats water in a polystyrene cup. How long does it take to transfer 15 000 J of energy to the water?

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E By P t

E P

15 000 50

300 s

1.2 Heat and internal energy

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The End

1.2 Heat and internal energy

Example 2
Energy transferred

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A 1-kW heater is put in water and switched on for 1 h. How much energy is transferred to the water?

E = Pt
= 1000 3600
= 3 600 000 J

= 3.6 MJ
1.2 Heat and internal energy

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1.2 Heat and internal energy