3.

2 Convection
Air conditioners and under-floor heating Convection current
E

Convection and particle motion Examples of convection Check-point 2

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Air conditioners and under-floor heating

Look around!
Where are the air-conditioners?

Why are they usually installed high up on the wall?

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Air conditioners and under-floor heating

It is
because the cold air released from air conditioners sinks. Heat is transferred by convection.

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Experiment 3b
Convection

1 Convection in water

Put a purple crystal into a beaker of water near the side.

Video
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note its movement

Experiment 3b
Convection

2 Convection in air Light the candle & hold a piece of smoking paper on the other side of the cardboard.

Video
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note smoke's movement

Convection current

Experiment 3b shows:
When the water is heated at the bottom,

water expands, rises &

is replaced by cold water from above.

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Convection current

The flow of water is called convection current. This method of heat transfer is called convection.

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Convection current

Similarly, when air is heated, air expands, rises &

is replaced by cold air from above. convection current

3.2 Convection

Convection current

Heat can be transferred in a fluid (liquid/gas) by convection, in which the heated fluid expands, rises and is replaced by the surrounding cooler fluid. Such movement of fluid is called convection current.

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Convection and particle motion

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When a fluid is warmed, the fluid particles move faster. warm fluid expands less dense than surrounding cold fluid warm fluid rises cool fluid from the top moves down to replace warm fluid convection current
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Convection and particle motion

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Simulation

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Examples of convection 12
Air conditioners

Warm air is taken in by the air conditioner & cooled.

An air conditioner gives out cold air which falls. This pushes the warm air up.

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Sea-land breezes

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Land and sea breezes over the coast in the summer are caused by convection current.
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Sea-land breezes
Warm air rises warm air expands

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wind

warm air cools

During the day, the Sun heats up the land more quickly than the sea.
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Cool air blows in from the sea to replace it.

Shape of candle flame

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Fire or flames always point upwards,

since convection current flows upwards.

hot air rises

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Smoke detectors

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When there is a fire, Smoke rises and enters the detector.

It triggers the alarm.

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Examples of convection 17

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Check-point 2
1
E

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Matters of which of the... When liquid/gas is warmed...

Draw the convection current...

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Check-point 2 Q1
Matters of which of the following states cannot have convection?
A B C Solids Liquids Gases

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Check-point 2 Q2

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When liquid/gas is warmed, the warmer less liquid/gas expands and becomes _______ dense than the surrounding liquid/gas. Hence, it rises.

The surrounding cooler liquid/gas moves to replace the warm liquid/gas. Such liquid/gas convection current. movement forms a ____________

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Check-point 2 Q2

21

Draw the convection current formed in water when we boil water.

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The End

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Example 3

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Why do we crawl on ground during a fire?

In a fire, why should we crawl close to the floor in a smoke-filled room? Smoke is warmer than the surrounding air. It rises & its places would be replaced by the surrounding cooler air. Smoke We should crawl close to the floor to prevent smoke inhalation.
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is toxic.

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3.2 Convection