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The central issue for me is the vulnerability that occurs during intimacy.
Reminder: This is a PHILOSOPHICAL discussion [religious precepts may base a prohibition of pre-marital sex on the bible, or other religious teachings.]
This means the act is morally wrong only if it involves deception promise-breaking exploitation
Bellioti
argues from a KANTIAN position
1. It is never right to treat another human being as a mere means. To treat a person as a mere means is to make them into an object. People are to be equal subjects of experience. 2. Sexual relations are CONTRACTUAL in nature. This involves the notion of reciprocity = that none of us is self-sufficient voluntary agreement of both parties to satisfy the expectations of the other.
Bellioti continued.
3. Voluntary contracts incur a moral obligation to provide/fulfill that which they have agreed to. 4. And that promise-breaking and deception are immoral actions. One argument against the contractual view is that the feelings of intimacy involved make the contract a bad model. Belliotti replies that all this shows is that it may well be the most important contract that people make.
Bellioti continued.
He says we need to be careful in assuming what the other has offered. His conclusion: Sex is immoral if and only if it involves deception, promise-breaking and/or treating the other party as a mere means to ones own ends.
Examples:
Rape is intrinsically immoral because the participation of one party is involuntary. He argues that rape is possible within marriage. Because of lack of consent. Bestiality raises the question of whether an animal is an object, or whether it has interests that are not advanced by the act. Necrophilia is immoral because of involuntary participation Some argue a dead person is an object But we do honor requests beyond the grave and also this object once was a person- so it is not a mere object.
In sexual relations you give your bodies over it is not a contractual relation
The contract model works, if this is the way we view human sexual relations as a form of acquisition.
Punzo continued.
He believes that we need to face the nature of sexual relations squarely and directly.
The human self is historical as well as physical the role of the past and the future. This is an existential understanding of the human self.