Laboratory 5.

Axillary Region

BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE long head

BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE short head

CORACOBRACHIALIS MUSCLE

PECTORALIS MAJOR MUSCLE

PECTORALIS MINOR MUSCLE

SERRATUS ANTERIOR MUSCLE

the serratus anterior muscle and the long thoracic nerve, also called the nerve to the serratus anterior muscle [the scissors rest against the serratus anterior muscle and lift the long thoracic nerve]. They are found on the medial wall of the axilla.The serratus anterior muscle arises from the outer surface of the upper eight ribs. It inserts into the anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula.

SUBCLAVIUS MUSCLE

SUBSCAPULARIS MUSCLE

It arises from the subscapular fossa on the anterior aspect of the scapula and attaches to the lesser tubercle of the humerus. the upper and lower subscapular nerves that innervate the subscapularis muscle.

ANTERIOR CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL ARTERY

AXILLARY 1st PART

the axillary artery which begins at the lateral border of the first rib as the continuation of the subclavian artery. It is divided into three parts based on its spacial relationship to pectoralis minor muscle. first part of the axillary artery lies between the lateral border of the first rib and the medial border of pectoralis minor muscle six major branches of the axillary artery (Figure 5.4). One branch arises from the first part of the artery, two from the second part, and three from the third part. The branch of the first part of the axillary artery is the superior (or supreme) thoracic artery. It supplies the region of the first and second intercostal spaces. It is often small and difficult to identify.

AXILLARY 2nd PART

second part of the axillary artery is posterior to the pectoralis minor muscle

AXILLARY 3rd PART

third part of the axillary artery lies between the lateral border of the pectoralis minor muscle and inferior border of teres major muscle. As the axillary artery passes distal to the teres major muscle, its name changes to the brachial artery the three branches of the third part of the axillary artery. These include the: subscapular artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery andposterior circumflex humeral artery .

CIRCUMFLEX SCAPULAR ARTERY

POSTERIOR CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL ARTERY

The posterior circumflex humeral artery passes with the axillary nerve through the quadrangular space to anastomose with the anterior circumflex humeral artery. Verify the course and relationships of these vessels by passing a probe through the quadrangular and triangular spaces. These arteries supply the surrounding muscles, humerus, and shoulder joint.

SUBSCAPULAR ARTERY

The subscapular artery has two main branches, the circumflex scapular artery and thoracodorsal artery . The thoracodorsal artery supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle. The circumflex scapular artery passes through the triangular space and participates in the collateral circulation of the scapula

THORACOACROMIAL ARTERY

second part of the axillary artery the: thoracoacromial trunk and lateral thoracic trunk. The thoracoacromial artery has four named branches (deltoid, acromial, clavicular, and pectoral) that usually arise from a common trunk. However, some of the branches may also arise directly from the axillary artery. The branches should be identified as they are traced toward their destination. The lateral thoracic artery passes along the inferior border of the pectoralis minor muscle. It gives branches to this muscle, the chest wall, and the breast.

THORACODORSAL ARTERY

CLAVICLE (LEFT) - ACROMIAL END

CLAVICLE (LEFT) STERNAL END

HUMERUS (LEFT)- ANTERIOR VIEW

GREATER TUBERCLE

HUMERUS (LEFT)- ANTERIOR VIEW

HEAD

HUMERUS (LEFT)- ANTERIOR VIEW

INTERTUBERCULAR (OR BICIPITAL GROOVE)

HUMERUS (LEFT)- ANTERIOR VIEW

LESSER TUBERCLE

HUMERUS (LEFT)- ANTERIOR VIEW

SHAFT (OR BODY)

SCAPULA (LEFT) - ANTERIOR VIEW

ACROMION

SCAPULA (LEFT) - ANTERIOR VIEW

CORACOID PROCESS

SCAPULA (LEFT) - POSTERIOR VIEW

ACROMION

SCAPULA (LEFT) - POSTERIOR VIEW

AXILLARY (LATERAL) MARGIN

SCAPULA (LEFT) - POSTERIOR VIEW

CORACOID PROCESS

SCAPULA (LEFT) - POSTERIOR VIEW

GLENOID (FOSSA) CAVITY

SCAPULA (LEFT) - POSTERIOR VIEW

GLENOID (FOSSA) CROSS-SECTION

SCAPULA (LEFT) - POSTERIOR VIEW

INFERIOR ANGLE

SCAPULA (LEFT) - POSTERIOR VIEW

INFRAGLENOID TUBERCLE

SCAPULA (LEFT) - POSTERIOR VIEW

INFRASPINATUS FOSSA

SCAPULA (LEFT) - POSTERIOR VIEW

SPINE OF SCAPULA

SCAPULA (LEFT) - POSTERIOR VIEW

SUPERIOR ANGLE

SCAPULA (LEFT) - POSTERIOR VIEW

SUPRAGLENOID TUBERCLE

SCAPULA (LEFT) - POSTERIOR VIEW

SUPRASCAPULAR NOTCH

SCAPULA (LEFT) - POSTERIOR VIEW

SUPRASPINATUS FOSSA

SCAPULA (LEFT) - POSTERIOR VIEW

VERTEBRAL (MEDIAL) MARGIN

AXILLARY NERVE

The axillary nerve passes through the quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex humeral artery. The axillary nerve supplies the deltoid muscle and teres minor muscle

BRACHIAL PLEXUS - LATERAL CORD

BRACHIAL PLEXUS MEDIAL CORD

BRACHIAL PLEXUS POSTERIOR CORD

the posterior cord of the brachial plexus by retracting the axillary artery and lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus. The posterior cord has two large terminal nerve branches, the axillary nerve and radial nerve, and three smaller muscular nerve branches, the upper and lower subscapular nerves and the thoracodorsal nerve.

INTERCOSTOBRACHIAL NERVE

The intercostobrachial nerve arises from the second or third intercostal nerves of the medial wall of the axilla to join the medial brachial cutaneous nerve. It conveys sensation from the skin of the medial aspect of the arm.

LATERAL PECTORAL NERVE

The lateral and medial pectoral nerves are named for the cord of the brachial plexus from which they arise and not their relationship to the pectoralis minor muscle. The lateral pectoral nerve is located superior and medial to the pectoralis minor muscle,

LONG THORACIC NERVE

The long thoracic nerve arises from the anterior primary rami of C5, C6, and C7 spinal nerves, and passes through the costocervical canal at the apex of the axilla.

LOWER SUBSCAPULAR NERVE

The upper subscapular nerve supplies the subscapularis muscle. The lower subscapular nerve [medial to scissors] gives branches to the subscapularis muscle and also supplies the teres major muscle

MEDIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE OF THE ARM

Adjacent and proximal to the ulnar nerve, two nerves arising from the medial cord. These are the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm, which is also called the medial brachial cutaneous nerve, and the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm, which is also called the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve. They may arise separately or from a common trunk. These nerves provide cutaneous innervation to the medial aspect of the arm and forearm.

MEDIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE OF THE FOREARM

MEDIAL PECTORAL NERVE

the medial pectoral nerve is located inferior and lateral to the pectoralis minor muscle.

MEDIAN NERVE

The median nerve has two roots.

LATERAL ROOT OF THE MEDIAN NERVE

The lateral root of the median nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus.

MEDIAL ROOT OF THE MEDIAN NERVE

The medial root of the median nerve arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus.

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE

The musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus and pierces the coracobrachialis muscle

RADIAL NERVE

The radial nerve is a distal continuation of the posterior cord. It innervates the muscles of the posterior arm and forearm.

THORACODORSAL NERVE

The thoracodorsal nerve supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle. It is also called the nerve to the latissimus dorsi muscle.

ULNAR NERVE

The ulnar nerve arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus

QUADRANGULAR SPACE

AXILLARY VEIN

AXILLA