Presented By:Reyokoyg

What is Robotics? What is a Humanoid? Need or Purpose History of Humanoids Key features Basic Components and their working Applications in the real world Some famous humanoids Pros and Cons What does the future hold? Conclusion

Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation and application of robots and computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing.

A Humanoid is a robot with its body shape built to resemble that of the human body. They have a torso, a head, two arms, and two legs, though some forms of humanoid robots may model only part of the body. These are the robots that are made to resemble human both in appearance and behaviour. These are designed to act safely alongside humans, extending our capabilities in a wide variety of tasks and environment.

They can work in human environment without a need to adapt themselves or to change the environment. Humanoid robots, especially with artificial intelligence algorithms, could be useful for future dangerous and/or distant space exploration missions, without having the need to turn back around again and return to earth once the mission is completed. It is easier for a human being to interact with a human-like being rather than a machine.

In 1973, the construction of a human-like robot was started at the Waseda University in Tokyo and it was named as WABOT-1. It was the first full-scale anthropomorphic robot in the world. It consisted of a limb-control system, a vision system and a conversation system. WABOT-1 was able to communicate with a person in Japanese and to measure distances and directions to the objects using external receptors, artificial ears and eyes, and an artificial mouth. The WABOT-1 walked with its lower limbs.

Journey of humanoids from WABOT-1 to ASIMO :-

 Self

maintenance (self recharging) Autonomous Learning Avoid harmful situations to people, property and itself. Safe interactions with the human being and environment. Legged Locomotion Arm control and dexterous manipulation

1.

Power Source:

Lead acid batteries Silver cadmium batteries Flywheel energy storage system

2.

Sensors:It is a device that measures some attribute of the world. It plays an important role in robotic paradigms.

Proprioceptive sensors: They sense the position, the orientation and the speed of the body and joints. These are accelerometers, tilt sensors, force sensors, position sensors & speed sensors. Exteroceptive sensors: These are tactile sensors, vision sensors and sound sensors.

3.

Actuators:These are the motors responsible for the motion in robots. Robots use mainly rotary actuators which are:

Hydraulic and Electric Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Pneumatic

4.

Manipulators:Robots need to manipulate objects; pick up, modify, destroy, or otherwise have an effect. These are : Mechanical grippers Vacuum grippers General purpose effectors

5.

Locomotion:The techniques used for walking on two legs are: ZMP Technique: It is the algorithm in which the robot's onboard computer tries to keep the total inertial forces (the combination of earth's gravity and the acceleration and deceleration of walking), exactly opposed by the floor reaction force. In this way, the two forces cancel out, leaving no moment (force causing the robot to rotate and fall over). Dynamic balancing: This technique constantly monitors the robots and places the feet in order to maintain stability. Passive dynamics: Here the momentum of swinging limbs is used for greater efficiency. Using this technique, a robot need only supply a small amount of motor power to walk along a flat surface or a little more to walk up a hill.

6.

Human-Robot interaction:

Speech Recognition Robotic voice Gestures Facial expressions Artificial emotions Personality

7.

Control system :It involves three distinct phases : Perception Processing Action

These robots are being used as receptionist in large company as well as some universitys technology. Some of the capabilities of these robots are including greeting people when they enter, giving directions and transferring phone calls. Security is also a popular means by which humanoid robots are being introduced in the work force. The most common place to find humanoid robots is in the entertainment industry. One of the popular attractions that use these robots is in the hall President at the Walt Disney World theme park Florida, America. These humanoids are widely used in animation industry.

Some of the famous humanoid robots that are currently in use or are recently launched: ASIMO (Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility) by Honda QRIO (Quest for cuRIOsity) by Sony HRP-4 (Humanoid Robotics Project) by Kawada industries and AIST Nao Next gen by Aldebaran Robotics

Introduced in 2000 by Honda, it was created to be a helper to people. It is recently improved in January,2011. Specifications: Mass : 48kg Height : 130cms Running speed : 9kmph Battery : Lithium-ion 51.8v/6kg Composition : Magnesium alloy covered with plastic resin DOF : 57 Sensors : Ultrasonic, ground and vision It has a three-dimensional computer processor that consists of a three stacked die, a processor, a signal converter and memory. It has the ability to recognize moving objects, postures, gestures, its surrounding environment, sounds and faces, which enables it to interact with humans. It can detect the movements of multiple objects by using visual information captured by two camera "eyes" in its head and also determine distance and direction.

It is a entertainment humanoid developed by Sony in 2003. Its height is 28 and weighs about 15 pounds. It can walk on two feet and dance dynamically. It can move its body smoothly and dynamically (Intelligent Servo Actuator technology). It detects changes in the walking surface and respond accordingly. It is equipped with two cameras and seven microphones . It uses its stereoscopic vision to calculate the distance to objects. It is equipped with wireless networking equipment, and can connect to your home wireless network out of the box.

It is a general domestic robot developed by AIST and Kawada industries in 1997 . Its latest version is HRP-4 which is launched in September,2010. Specifications : Mass : 39kg Height : 151cms Walking speed : 2kmph Battery : Nickel-Metal hydride 48v/14.8 Ah Composition : Aluminium alloy frame, plastic robot cover DOF : 34 CPU : Pentium M(1.6Ghz), PCI 104 Device : Stereo speakers, head cameras & microphones It has the ability to stand up again after lying flat on the floor either on its back or front. It is a life-size platform for research and development of working humanoid robots.

It is an autonomous, programmable humanoid robot developed by Aldebaran Robotics in 2004. Its latest version is Nao Next Gen which is launched on December,2011. Specifications : Mass : 4.3kg Height : 58cms CPU : Intel Atom @1.6Ghz Battery : 27,6-watt hour DOF : 25 Built-in OS : Linux Vision : two 1280x960 HD cameras Connectivity : Ethernet, Wi-fi Sensors : 4 microphones, sonar rangefinder, 2 IR emitters and receivers, 1 inertial board, 9 tactile sensors, and 8 pressure sensors Devices : Voice synthesizer, LED lights, and 2 high-fidelity speakers It features an inertial measurement unit with accelerometer, gyrometer and four ultrasonic sensors that provide Nao with stability and positioning within space. It also features an onboard multimedia system for voice recognition and sound localization, text-tospeech synthesis and facial and shape recognition.

 It

can do tedious chores that takes up a lot of time. It can help the elderly and disable. It can perform certain tasks that are dangerous to human such bomb diffusion. Productivity can increase.

People

fear that robot will take over their jobs. Less personal communication. Fear that robots will take over human activity. Since it is an electronic machine so it can be dangerous.

 These

humanoids can be used at places where risk of life is involved such as bomb diffusion . These can be used as an entertainer or a home servant if they become quite cheaper in future. These can be used for security purposes at the time of war. These can be used as lab assistants for the innovation of new technologies.

 In

my opinion, Humanoids are amazing technological advancement. This will allow people to allocate their time in more productive manner. Humanoids will give a number of positive contributions to human beings. This technology will help in exploring more new facts and figures about nature and science.