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INDEX
INRTODUCTION PRACTICAL OBJECTIVES OF TRIBOLOGY FRICTION TYPES OF MOTION TRIBOLOGY IN PISTON RINGS AND CYLINDER LINER WEAR AND ITS MECHANISM LUBRICATION SOYBEAN OIL AS FUTURE LUBRICANT OIL FOR IC ENGINES PVD TRIBOLOGY CONCERNS IN MEMS DEVICES IMPACT OF TRIBOLOGY ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF TRIBOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
It is a GREEK word TRIBOS means rubbing processes. Tribology is the science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative motion. Tribology tries to describe everything that happens when things rub together.
TRIBOLOGY TRIANGLE
What is friction?
FRICTION
Its a FORCE. Occurs whenever two objects are IN CONTACT with each other. Its the resistance to movement. It SLOWS objects down.
F RICTION Lets use THE SAME FORCE to move the box on:
higher friction wooden floor
In which case friction is higher? Which one will slide further? WHY?
LUBRICATION
Why do we need it?
lower the friction prevent wear
wear
friction
WEAR
What is wear?
Its the removal of material from a solid surface by the action of another surface.
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WEAR MECHANISMS
Adhesive
Low contact pressures Augmented asperities
Abrasive
High contact pressures Wear tracks
TYPES OF MOTION
There are two types of motion between two moving parts.
Sliding motion e.g :- Piston in IC engine Rolling motion e.g :- Bearings, wheels of automobiles
Ease of processing.
LPCVD Systems
The process is similar to chemical vapor deposition (CVD) except for the raw materials.
i.e. the material that is to be deposited starts in solid form, whereas in CVD the precursors are introduced to the reaction chamber in gaseous state.
APPLICATIONS OF PVD
PVD coatings are used to improve Hardness, Wear Resistance, Oxidation Resistance.
Thus, such coatings used in variety of applications such as : Aerospace Automotive Surgical/medical Dies and moulds for all manner of material processing Cutting tools Fire arms
DIAMOND COATINGS
Diamond has a variety of useful properties compared to Silicon Low wear, low coefficient of friction, thermally stable, isotropic hardness Diamond cannot be simply made into smaller and smaller flakes, then deposited on MEMS devices Diamond (or diamond-like) film must be grown on surface.
UNCD
ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND
A better method for producing diamond-like films. Grain size is 2-5nm. Unlike conventional diamond film CVD, C60 is introduced into the reaction along with CH4.
C60 collides with itself, creating C2 (carbon dimers) These C2 molecules enter the diamond lattice. An abundance of C2 is the goal of the UNCD creation process.
OH OH OH OH Si Si Si Si O O O O
beams are fabricated of different lengths Cantilevers are put into contact with surface Longer beams adhere to surface Longest beam that does not stick signifies adhesion force SAM coated beams adhere after longer lengths than oxide surface
Beam Structures
IMPACT OF TRIBOLOGY
Since the publication of the Lubrication Report there has been an increasing awareness throughout industry of the subject of tribology. In the UK the National Centre for Tribology and Industrial Units of Tribology have been set up to provide advice t o industry on the utilisation of existing knowledge. Tribology is now recognized universally and President Carter of U.S.A. declared it to be a generic technology underlying many industrial sections and the prospectus for an Industrial Tribology Institute at Rensselaer Technology Center has been presented.
REFERENCES
Mr. RAJSHEKHAR MATHAPATI www.wikipedia.com www.slideshare.com www.google.com Tribology In Industries by SUSHIL KUMAR Engineering Tribology by G.W. STACHOWIAK Industrial Tribology by M.H. JONES
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