DISORDERS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

1. Specific development disorders of speech & language 2. Specific development disorders of scholastic skills 3. Specific development disorders of motor function 4. Pervasive development : Childhood Autism

1. Specific development disorders of speech & language

1.1. Specific speech articulation disorders Speech sounds below the appropriate level of mental age - Miss articulated : r, sh, th, f, z, l. - Severe : b, m, t, d, n, h. 1.2. Expressive language disorders Verbal or sign language below age level Language understanding skills : intact 1.3. Receptive language disorders Understanding of language < appropriate mental age Expressive language : disturbed abnormalities in word sound

2. Specific development disorders of scholastic skills

2.1. Specific reading disorder The development of reading skills : impairment - - Reading word recognation - - Reading comprehensive skill - - Oral reading skill 2.2. Specific disorder of arithmetical skills impairment in : - mathematical skills - attentional skills

3. Specific development disorders of motor function

Performance in daily activities that required motor coordination : << chronological age << IQ

Significantly interferes with academic achievement activities of daily living

4. Childhood Autism
Infantile autism Autistic disorder Kanners autism

Characterized abnormal development :

Social interaction Communication Restricted repertoire of activities and interests

Impairment in social interaction >=2 of the following 1. Marked impairment in the use of multiple non-verbal behaviors: eye-to- eye gaze, fascial expression, body posture, gestures to regulate social interaction 2. Failure to develop peer relationships apropriate to developmental level 3. A lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interest, and or achievement with other people (e.g lack of showing, bringing, pointing out object of interest 4. Lack of social or emotional reciprocity

Impairment in communication : >=1 of the following

1. Delay or total lack of development of spoken language 2. Marked impairement in the ability to initiate or sustain a conversation with others 3. Stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosynctratie language

Restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interest and activities

Non-functional routines or rituals Stereotype and repetitive motor mannerism (hand/finger flapping or twisting, complex whole body movement) Persistent preoccupation with parts of objects

Hyperkinetic disorder

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) The essential feature: A persistent pattern of In attention Hyperactivity Impulsivity Must be present in >=2 settings/ situation before age of 7 yrs

>= 6 of the following symptoms, >= 6 months

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) Often fails to give close attention to details, or makes careless errors in schoolwork, work, or other activities Often fails to sustain attention in tasks or play activities Often appears not to listen to what is being said to him or her Often fails to follow through on instruction or to finish school work, chores, or duties in the workplace (not because of oppositional behavior or failure to understand instruction) Is often impaired in organizing tasks activities Often avoid or strongly dislikes tasks, such as homework, that require sustained mental effort Often loses things necessary for certain task or activities, such as school assignment, pencils, books, toys, or tools Is often easily destracted by external stimuli Is often forgetful in the course of daily activity

Inattention

>=3 of the following symptoms, >= 6 months

1. 2. 3. Often fidgets with hands or feet or squirms on seat Leaves seat in classroom or in other situation in which remaining seated ins expected Often runs about or climb excessively in situation in which it is inappropriate (in adolescents or adult, only feelings of restlessness may be present) Is often unduly noisy in playing or has difficulty in engaging quietly in leisure activities Exhibits a persistent pattern of excessive motor activity that is not substantialy modified by social context or demands

Hyperactivity

4. 5.

>= 1 of the following symptoms, >=6 months

1. Often blurts out anwers before questions have been completed 2. Often fails to wait in lines or await turns in games or group situations 3. Often interrupts or intrudes on others (eg. Butts into other conversations or games) 4. Often talks excessively without appropriate response to social constraints

Impulsivity

CONDUCT DISORDER

Tuti Wahmurti A Sapiie, dr. SpKJ

The Essential Feature :

A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated

4 Main Groupings :
1. Aggressive that causes / threatens

physical harm to other people / animals. 2. Nonaggressive conduct that causes property loss or damage. 3. Deceitfulness or theft. 4. Serious violations of rules.
Must have been present during the past 12 months. Age : 18 years.

Diagnostic Criteria for Conduct Disorder

A. - A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior as manifested by the presence of 3 / 4 the following criteria. - 1 criterian in the past 6 months :

Aggression to people and animals

1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7.

Often bullies, threatens, or intimidates others. Often initiates physical fights. Has used a weapon than can cause serious physical harm to others. Has been physically cruel to people. Has been physically cruel to animals. Has stolen while confronting a victim. Has forced someone into sexual activity.

Destruction of property
8. 9.

Has deliberately angaged in fire setting with the intention of causing serious damage. Has deliberately destroyed others property.

Deceitfulness of Theft
10. Has broken into someone elses house,

building or car. 11. Often lies to obtain goods or to avoid obligations. 12. Has stolen items of nontrivial value without confronting a victim.

Serious violations of rules

13. Often stays out at night despite

parental prohibitions, beginning before age 13 years. 14. Has run away from home overnight at least twice while living in parental or parental surrogate home

B. The disturbance in behavior causes clinically significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning. C. If the individual is age 18 years, criteria are not met for Antisocial Personality Disorder.

THE END

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