Escolar Documentos
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❂ Viruses
❂ < Click to find out more about Microbes & Disease >
❂ parasites
http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/biology/plant_bio/lab13.FUNGI.html
such as
fungi,
worm trichura.jpg
Other mechanisms of Defense...
❂ Physiological variables
• pH of our environment
• temperature of our environment
❂ chemical defenses
• nitric oxide, enzymes, proteins, complement
❂ Innate Immunity -
the troops are called to battle…
• injury & infection
• macrophages slip between cells [extravasation] to
arrive
• cytokine chemicals attract other “troops”
[chemotaxis]
• histamine chemicals dilate blood vessels for easier
access to injury [vasodilation]
• < Click on link to view Movie of inflammation >
• http://www.muhealth.org/~pharm204/inflammation.mov
What are macrophages ?
❂ Phagocytic cells - able to
ingest small foreign invaders
• neutrophils
• monocyte
• <Click on link to view animation >
• http://www.mnsfld.edu/~mcb/images/macrophage.gif
❂ they release
cytokines that
enhance the
immune response
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/immunology/tutorials/immunology/graphics/mphage2.gi
❂ Mast cells /basophils
• release histamine that
dilates blood vessels
• causes redness
[erythrema], swelling
[edema], and heat [fever]
http://www.hhs.gov/asphep/presentation/images/wound.jpg
Your Challenge . . .
❂ You are a macrophage in the following
game…
❂ your mission is to phagocytize the mumps
viruses
❂ use your mouse on the arrows ⇐ or ⇑ or ⇒
http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/skeletonorg.html
& migrate to the thymus gland ...
❂ Identification tag is a
protein called Major
Histocompatability
Complex [MHC]
Foreign Self- ID
& in the thymus gland . . .
Foreign Self- ID
Saved to be Dropped out!
educated… in
body defense
❂ These Lymphocytes will mature into
T-Helper cells
Naïve Proliferation of
cell cell line
B cells differentiate into . . .
antibodies
memory
The RESULT . . .
❂ The Antibody producing B cells
mounts a successful attack against the
invader
❂ Question:
Consider the following . . .
What is true about the different cells
of the body?