Mobile Networking and Ubiquitous Computing

Ric Hall, GNE, Network Architecture

Ubiquitous Computing
Today, the Internet connects all computers

Tomorrow everyday objects will become smart

Embedded processors

and they will all be interconnected

Mobility and Networking

The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it Mark Weiser

What is Ubiquitous Computing?

It is the vision of a seamless integration of embedded devices into our everyday environment! It is computing made invisible and pervasive! It is the Computer of the 21st Century! Challenge:
To create a new relationship between people and computer To get the computer out of the way

Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing

Computers have become an embedded intrinsic part of a sophisticated, networked, pervasive and ubiquitous environments around humans Pervasive Computing: create a ubiquitous environment that combines processors and sensors with network technologies (wireless and wireline) and intelligent software to create an immerse environment to improve life Leading firms will embrace ubiquitous computing to transform business processes

Why Networking and Mobility

U.S. Workforce 144.9 Million*

Mobile Workers** 69.2 M Traveling Worker Day Extender Campus Worker

Work Styles: Power Knowledge Forms Message Alerts

*Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics (Sept 2006) **Gartner (October 2006) mobile defined as away form workstation/desk for more than eight hours a week

Business Challenges
Globalization Mounting regulatory mandates Distribution of workforce, customers, & partners Increased speed of business Rapidly changing technology landscape Waning customer loyalty

The Perfect Storm for Mobility & Ubiquitous Computing

The number of mobile applications deployed by enterprises to their employees will continue to grow by 30% per year through 2011 The North American market for SaaS will grow by 25% CAGR by 2010 3.5G wireless networks are deployed. 4G networks are planned Through 2009, corporate mobile/wireless application spending will grow 10-20% per year CIO focus on mobile workforce application is growing Double-digit anticipated growth in mobility solutions
*Gartner, 2007 Outsourcing Mobile: Services, Integration and Applications

The Role of Mobility

Anytime, anywhere services Device, network mobility Adaptation, context aware Application software versus infrastructure system

Current Issues in Ubiquitous Computing and Networking

Current Technical Issues
Low Power Intelligent Tiny Chip and Sensors Ubiquitous Interface Near-field Communication (UWB, ), IPv6 Protection of Privay and Security Management Intelligent Personalization

Non-Technical Issues
Laws and Regulations Sociological Impact

Design Issues
Applications have to be embedded Awareness of the main purpose What kind of surroundings Adaptation of the personal needs of user React to changes dynamically, even in advance

Wireless Ubiquitous Computing Applications

With wireless connection, applications can communicate whit each other and build up local area networks. Also connections to other networks e.g. internet. The number of ubiquitous applications is growing rapidly

Common Characteristics of Ubiquitous Computing and Networking

Invisibility
Invisible Intelligent Devices Wearable Computing Devices RFID, Sensors, Smart Cards, Information Artifacts, and Tiny Smart Devices

Context-Awareness and Adaptation

Autonomous Sensing, Environment Adaptation, Cooperation Real-Time and Proactive Adapting to Device Type, Time, Location, Temperature, Weather

Network and Mobility

Mobility Management (Micro/Pico) Wireless PANs (NFC, UWB, Bluetooth, ) IPv6 and Others (Non-IP, Consumable IP)

Management of Ubiquitous Computing & Networking

Invisibility Management
Ubiquitous Interface Management Configurability Management (Massiveness management, others) Anonymousness ManagementSurrounding Context Management

Surrounding Context Management

Sensing Capability, Adaptation, Autonomy, Cooperation Management Personalization Management Location-Awareness Management (Tracking, Positioning, and Control) Real-Time, Proactive and Environmental Adaptive Control Wireless Network Management (FCAPS) Mobility Management (MIPv6, Micro/Pico/Nano ..) Service Registration, Discovery and Maintenance (OSGi) Extensibility Management (Network/Service) Application of Ubiquitous Technology to Network Management

Ubiquitous Wireless Network and Service Management

Privacy and Security Management Fusion Management

Interoperability, Integration and Convergence Management Content Management (Information Loss and Mismatch) Scalability Management (Massive Objects)

The Next Big Wireless Challenge

New hardware architectures Low-power processors Solid-state storage Batteries and fuel cells Flexible displays Micro projections Passive displays Imaging Software Hardware Nano platforms Mobile middleware Service discovery Distributed architecture & algorithms Distributed node & application management Mobile Agents Security

User Interaction
Haptics, motion, touch Location Image & gesture recognition Sociable interfaces Wireless New wireless networks Software defined radios Cognitive radio

Current to Future State Wireless Networks and Devices

Software control over wireless parameters
Limited or no control over spectrum and modulation techniques Flexible control over all radio parameters All-digital processing Frequency agile Multiple protocols and modulation techniques Reduces device cost and component count Intelligent spectrum sharing between all networks Dynamic selection of frequency bands and modulation techniques Aware of other networks and devices Requires regulatory changes

Wireless Networks 2006

Software-Controlled PAN, LAN, MAN and WAN Networks Software-Defined Radios Cognitive Networks

Mobile Devices in 2008

Cognitive Networks & Devices 2012

Phase 1. Connecting people

Insurance adjusters use mobile devices connected to cellular data network One additional claim per day from an average of 3.5 to 4.5 Faster time to claim means happier customers Wireless email for executives

Phase 2: Smart vehicles are next

Intelligent Vehicles leveraging near-field wireless
Sensors for location (GPS), condition, identify

Operator-less is goal Take up is big in large warehouses

Ports, mining, services

Phase 3: The Internet of Things RFID and Sensors lead the pack

RFID Beyond Compliance

Patient management revolutionizes health care delivery Patient safety

European impending regulation and US focus on quality care drive hospitals to track patient location and care givers to the last inch.

Medication administration
Mobile and wireless networks connect patients and bar-coded medications to HIS systems to validate dosage before nurse administers

Asset tracking
Improved identification of assets for patient immediate use Decreased hoarding of assets

Machine to Machine Analytics in the Enterprise

Thousands of machines are wirelessly connected Machines report their status
Remote diagnostics

A scheduler application sends work orders to handhelds based on engineers availability and location
Dynamic scheduling

Future
The security of data transmission will be one of the biggest issues when developing future ubiquitous applications and data transmission protocols. Partly this transition will be easier by network protocol IPv6, which supports both mobility and security. One proposal to security issues is Quality of Security Service (QoSS) protocol, which specifies how to perform clients authorizing and allows dynamic definition of security level. One future trend in ubiquitous computing and AmIenvinronments will be reduction of power consumption, which is essential for sensor networks. High radio frequencies with MIMO-technology will increase data rates in wireless communication. Ubiquitous technologies has to be more reliable, cheaper and simple to use in near future.

Next Step in our Evolution

Ubiquitous Computing:
Is the vision of a world where computational devices are invisibly spread throughout our environment Provides many new challenges and application areas Can be built using existing technology Allows our daily tasks to be made easier

Summary
Enterprises are embracing all modes of mobility. The future of enterprise mobility lies in leveraging dynamic applications and creating the Internet of things. Enterprises will look to systems integrators with product breadth Ubiquitous computing delivers the opportunity for enterprises to transform business processes and thrive.

Conclusions
Ubiquitous computing and networking are characterized by invisibility, proactive contextawareness/adaptation, and near field network/mobility. It requires a new paradigm of management among others, such as ubiquitous interface management, context management, fusion management, privacy/security management, and FCAPS. Standards, laws, sociological impact and other environment factors need to be addressed accordingly.