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Recycling
What is recycling? The re-use and remanufacture of waste materials What is the purpose of recycling? To recover useful materials and save resources To prevent pollutants reaching the waste stream
What are the benefits of recycling? More efficient resource use, lower energy consumption, reduced pollution
TRP Chapter 4.3 2
On-site recycling
Benefits: close to the point of generation less contamination lower cost raw materials reduced waste disposal costs
Costs: capital investment in equipment staff training maintenance and repair staff time residue disposal quality control
TRP Chapter 4.3 3
Off-site recycling
Factors influencing off-site recycling:
if on-site recycling is not appropriate if on-site recycling is not cost-effective availability and location of recycling facilities availability of advanced technology economies of scale
Need:
storage for materials awaiting collection transport to off-site facility
Recycling technologies
Recycling Technology
Activated-carbon Absorption Distillation Steam Distillation Electrolytic Recovery Ion Exchange Hydrometallurgical Concentration Membrane Separation Evaporation Freeze-Crystallisation Pyrometallurgy
1 - Corrosive wastes 2 - Cyanide containing wastes 3 - Halogenated solvents 4 - Non-halogenated solvents 5 - Other organic wastes
Waste Type
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
6 - Oil-containing wastes 7 - Metal containing wastes 8 - Organic containing wastes 9 - Reactive wastes
Solvent recovery 1
Solvent recovery 2
Waste exchange
Puts generators in contact with potential users Example of off-site recycling Some free, some charge fees
Waste generator
Waste exchange
User
Information on wastes wanted
Which wastes?
Wastes arising in small quantities
Waste listings
Often divided into Requests and Offers eg Requests Offers
Ethanol, sodium hydroxide
Electronic scrap Fertilisers Metal containing wastes
Copper sulphate
Fluorspar Hydrochloric acid Magnesium hydroxide
Organic materials
Sludges
Filter cakes
Sodium sulphate
May give detailed description eg Phenol formaldehyde resin from vat coating of fibreglass. Solution contains 54% phenolic resin in 23% ethanol with 1% formaldehyde by net weight. 5 drums available.
TRP Chapter 4.3 14
Measuring success
volumes recycled