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All these things and more are supposedly referred to in the Koran,
but these claims are all false, as this presentation will show.
3rd September 2009 12 - Koran Science & Cosmology (Pt 3) 5
Claim 32 – The Koran implies that
the Earth is Spherical & rotating
Sher Ali “Seest thou not that Allah makes the night pass into the day
and makes the day pass into the night, and he has pressed the Sun
and the Moon into service.”
Khalifa “Do you not realize that God merges the night into the day
and merges the day into the night, and that he has committed the
Sun and the Moon in your service.”
Arberry “Hast thou not seen how that God makes the night to enter
into the day and makes the day to enter into the night. and he has
Palmer “Dost thou not see that God joins on the night to the day,
and joins on the day to the night, and has subjected the Sun and the
Moon.”
Pickthall “He hath created the Heavens and the Earth with truth. He
maketh night to succeed day, and He maketh day to succeed night,
and He constraineth the Sun and the Moon to give service.”
Yusuf Ali “He created the Heavens and the Earth in true (proportions):
He makes the Night overlap the Day, and the Day overlap the Night:
He has subjected the Sun and the Moon. (to His law)”
Hilali-Khan “He has created the Heavens and the Earth with truth. He
makes the night to go in the day and makes the day to go in the night.
Shakir “He has created the Heavens and the Earth with the truth; He
makes the night cover the day and makes the day overtake the night,
and He has made the Sun and the Moon subservient.”
1. Its is not true to claim that the spherical shape of the Earth was
unknown in the C7th AD.
2. The ancient Greeks proposed that the Earth was a sphere in the
C6th BC.All educated Greeks and Romans after around 300 BC
were aware of the true shape of the Earth.Educated people in
Europe and the Middle East never lost this knowledge.
3. However, Surahs 31:29 & 39:5 do not imply that the Earth must
be a sphere.
4. All that these verses are saying that the hours of light gradually
decrease during the evening and gradually increase in the
morning.The Koran is saying that daylight does not suddenly
switch on & off like a light bulb.
5. Even on a Flat Earth with a moving Sun this would still occur.
The Philosopher,
Crates of Mallus
(Second Century BC)
is said to have constructed
a Globe to show the
whole World.
1. The Koran does not say that the Earth is Egg shaped.Such claims
are based on an inaccurate translation.
3. Even if the Koran did say that the Earth was Egg shaped, it would
be wrong.The Earths shape is nothing like an Egg.
Left: A Medieval
representation of the
Byzantine Emperor,
Heraclius (RHS) defeating
the Persian Emperor
Chroses (LHS) in a battle
during the lifetime of
Mohammed.
1. The references to “two East’s” and “two West's “ does not imply
that the Earth is spherical.
5. The author of the Koran does not seem to know that the Earth is a
sphere despite this.
5. The Sky above our heads is the floor of the lowest level of the
Seven Heavens.
According to the
Koran, the Stars
are just little
lights attached to
lowest Heaven.
If the Seven
Heavens refer to
the Atmosphere,
then the Stars are
only a few miles
away. This is
absurd.
Arberry “We have adorned the lower Heaven with the adornment of the
Stars.”
Palmer “Verily, we have adorned the lower Heaven with the adornment
of the Stars.”
Rodwell “We have adorned the lower Heaven with the adornment of the
Stars.”
Sale “We have adorned the lower Heaven with the ornament of the
Stars.”
Irving “We have beautified the worldly Sky with the splendour of Stars .”
Dawood “We have decked the lower Heaven with Constellations.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Heavens
3. The Seven Heavens are mythical places in the Sky where dead
people are supposed to be, along with God and his Angels.
1. If the Koran is aware of the air getting thinner with altitude, why
didn't Mohammed wear a Space Suit when he went up into the
atmosphere and travelled through Outer Space?
5. How are Angels able to use their wings to fly around between
Earth and Heaven if the air is so thin?
7. How come that Muslim Scientists, rather than Torricelli invent the
Barometer?
Arberry “We have adorned the lower Heaven with the adornment of the
Stars.”
Palmer “Verily, we have adorned the lower Heaven with the adornment
of the Stars.”
Rodwell “We have adorned the lower Heaven with the adornment of the
Stars.”
Sale “We have adorned the lower Heaven with the ornament of the
Stars.”
Irving “We have beautified the worldly Sky with the splendour of Stars .”
Dawood “We have decked the lower Heaven with Constellations.”
Sher Ali “So, whomsoever Allah intends to guide, he expands his bosom
for the acceptance of Islam; and whomsoever he intends that he should
go astray, he makes his bosom narrow and close, as though he was
mounting up into the skies”.
Khalifa “Whomever God wills to guide, he renders his chest wide open to
Submission. And whomever he wills to send astray, he renders his chest
intolerant and straitened, like one who climbs towards the sky.”
Arberry “Whomsoever God desires to guide, he expands his breast to
Islam; whomsoever he desires to lead astray, he makes his breast
narrow, tight, as if he were climbing to Heaven.”
Palmer “Whomsoever God wishes to guide, he expands his breast to
Islam; but whomsoever he wishes to lead astray, he makes his breast
tight and straight, as though he would mount up into Heaven.”
7. Either way, there is no indication in the Koran that the air gets
thinner with altitude.
It is He Who made the Earth a couch for you, and the sky a dome. He
sends down water from the sky and by it brings forth fruits for your
provision. Do not, then, knowingly make others equal to Allah.
Surah 2:22 Harun Yahya
Arberry “And We adorned the lower Heaven with lamps, and made them
things to stone Satans.”
Palmer “And we have adorned the lower Heaven with lamps; and set
them to pelt the devils with.”
Rodwell “Moreover we have decked the lowest Heaven with lights, and
have placed them there to be hurled at the Satan.”
Sale “Moreover we have adorned the lowest Heaven with lamps, and
have appointed them to be darted at the devils.”
Irving “We have decorated the nearest Sky with lamps. We have placed
them as missiles directed towards the devils.”
Dawood “We have adorned the lowest Heaven with lamps, missiles to
pelt the devils with.”
Many verses of
the Koran
Barrier of the Sky describe the Sky
as being barrier
to prevent the
Djinn or Genies
from climbing
up to Heaven.
This suggests
a belief in a solid
Sky.
Heaven
Solid Barrier
Djinn
Djinn Djinn
Earth
According to the
Koran, the Stars
are just little
lights attached to
the solid Sky.
Arberry “We have adorned the lower Heaven with the adornment of the
Stars.”
Palmer “Verily, we have adorned the lower Heaven with the adornment
of the Stars.”
Rodwell “We have adorned the lower Heaven with the adornment of the
Stars.”
Sale “We have adorned the lower Heaven with the ornament of the
Stars.”
Irving “We have beautified the worldly Sky with the splendour of Stars .”
Dawood “We have decked the lower Heaven with Constellations.”
Left: Chicken
Little after being
struck by a piece
of the Sky that
has fallen down.
The Koran
implies that the
Sky is solid & that
this is a very
real possibility.
1. The Koran does not understand what Meteors are and does not
refer to the Solar wind.
2. The Koran says that the Sky is a solid Dome and that the Stars
are little lights imbedded in it.
3. These Stars are used as missiles by Angels who throw them at
the Djinn who try and climb up to Heaven.
4. The reference to bits of Heaven falling refer to the possibility of a
piece of the solid Sky Dome falling to Earth.
5. All of this is totally contrary to modern Science and is the sort of
thing that a man like Mohammed may have imagined.
6. These verses contain huge Scientific errors and prove that the
Koran does not come from God.
5. Some Muslims will then say that Mohammed could not have known
about this 1400 years ago.
1. If you look at the verse in context, you will see that it is addressed to
a group of people who have displeased God despite his past
generosity to them.
In AD 622
Mohammed
was forced
to flee from
Mecca by
his enemies
& he sought
refuge in the
City of
Medina.
In 630 AD
Mohammed
conquered
the Quraysh
and entered
Mecca
1. This verse says nothing about the Solar Wind or the Earths
atmosphere.
Surah 18:90
3. Some Muslims claim that the Koran referred to the hole in the
Ozone layer 1400 years ago.
3. The hole in the Ozone Layer only began in the late C20th.
Surah 18:90 refers to things that were already in the past in
the C7th AD and not to future events.
5. The holes in the Ozone Layer are at the Polar regions in the
North and South.Surah 18:85-90 indicates that the traveller
was travelling East towards the direction of Sunrise and not
North or South.
The Koran
describes this
as being a
specific place
that people
can go to
The story in the Koran about the Sun rising from the sea
resembles the story in Greek Mythology about Apollo causing
Sunrise by rising out of the Eastern Sea.
3rd September 2009 12 - Koran Science & Cosmology (Pt 3) 131
Claim 41 (Surah 18:90 ) - Conclusion
1. This verse says nothing about the Ozone layer.Such a concept is
not mentioned in the Koran.
3. The verse is not referring to the present day or the Polar regions
where the holes in the Ozone Layer are.
7. The idea that the Sun rises at a particular place is absurd and
implies a belief in a Flat Earth.
"Have We not made the Earth an expanse and the mountains stakes."
Surah 78:6-7 Bucaille/Harun Yahya
"(God) has cast into the ground (mountains) standing firm, so that it
does not shake with you."
Surah 31:10 Bucaille/Harun Yahya
Pegs Pegs
According to the
Koran, God created
mountains in order
to keep the Earth
from moving & to
prevent earthquakes.
Pickthall “& We have placed in the Earth firm hills lest it quake with
them, & We have placed therein ravines as roads that haply they may
find their way.”
Yusuf Ali “& We have set on the Earth mountains standing firm, lest it
should shake with them, & We have made therein broad highways
(between mountains) for them to pass through: that they may receive
guidance.”
Hilali-Khan “& We have placed on the Earth firm mountains, lest it
should shake with them, & We placed therein broad highways for them
to pass through, that they may be guided.”
Shakir “& We have made great mountains in the Earth lest it might be
convulsed with them, & We have made in it wide ways that they may
follow a right direction.”
Sher Ali “& We have placed in the Earth firm mountains lest it should
quake with them; & We have made therein wide pathways, that they may
be rightly guided.”
Khalifa “& We placed on Earth stabilizers, lest it tumbles with them, & we
placed straight roads therein, that they may be guided.”
Arberry “& We set in the Earth firm mountains lest it should shake with
them, & We set in it ravines to serve as ways, that haply so they may be
guided.”
Palmer “& we placed on the Earth firm mountains lest it should move
with them, & He made therein open roads for paths, haply they may be
guided!”
Rodwell “& we set mountains on the Earth lest it should move with
them, & we made on it broad passages between them as routes for
their guidance.”
Sale “& we placed stable [mountains] on the Earth, lest it should move
with them; & we made broad passages between them for paths, that
they might be directed [in their journeys]”
Irving “We have placed headlands on Earth lest it should sway while
they are on it, and have placed mountain passes on it as highways so
they may be guided.”
Dawood “We set firm mountains upon the Earth lest it move away from
them and hewed out highways in the rock so that they might be rightly
guided.”
Earth
According to the Koran, Mountains are like paper weights that hold
down a sheet of paper.
.
3rd September 2009 12 - Koran Science & Cosmology (Pt 3) 145
Surah 78:6-7
Earth
Mountains keep
with
Mountains
Earth from
moving
Perhaps this is what the
Koran means when it says
that mountains are like
tent pegs that keep the
Earth Earth from moving.
Without
Mountains Here the Mountains help to
keep the Earth steady and
in its proper position.
3rd September 2009 12 - Koran Science & Cosmology (Pt 3) 146
Surah 78:6-7 Mountains do not keep
the Earth from moving
In reality, mountains
do not keep the
Earth from moving.
Pickthall “Have We not made the Earth an expanse, & the high hills
bulwarks?”
Yusuf Ali “Have We not made the Earth as a wide expanse, & the
mountains as pegs?”
Hilali-Khan “Have We not made the Earth as a bed, & the mountains as
pegs?”
Shakir “Have We not made the Earth an even expanse? & the
mountains as projections (thereon)?”
Sher Ali “Have We not made the Earth as a bed, & the mountains as
pegs?”
Khalifa “Did we not make the Earth habitable? & the mountains
stabilizers?”
Arberry “Have We not made the Earth as a cradle & the mountains as
pegs?”
Palmer “Have we not set the Earth as a couch, & the mountains as
stakes?”
Rodwell “Have we not made the Earth a couch? & the mountains its
tent-stakes?”
Sale “Have we not made the Earth for a bed, & the mountains for stakes
[to fix the same]? “
Irving “Have We not laid the Earth out as a cradle and set the
mountains up as kingpins?”
Dawood “Do we not spread the Earth as a bed and raise the mountains
like supporting poles?”
Pickthall “And the hills, how they are set up and the Earth, how it is
spread?”
Yusuf Ali “And at the Mountains, how they are fixed firm? - And at the
Earth, how it is spread out?”
Hilali-Khan “And at the mountains, how they are rooted and fixed firm
and at the Earth, how it is spread out?”
Shakir “And the mountains, how they are firmly fixed, and the Earth,
how it is made a vast expanse?”
Sher Ali “And at the mountains, how they are fixed and at the Earth,
how it is spread out?”
Khalifa “And the mountains and how they are constructed And the earth
and how it is built.”
Arberry “How the mountains were hoisted, how the Earth was
outstretched?”
Palmer “And at the mountains how they are set up and at the Earth how
it is spread out?”
Rodwell “And to the mountains how they are rooted; and to the Earth
how it is outspread?”
Sale “And the mountains, how they are fixed; and the Earth, how it is
extended?”
Irving “Nor how the mountains have been erected? Nor even how the
Earth has been flattened out?”
Dawood “The mountains, how they were set down, the Earth how it was
made flat.”
Rocky
Mountains
Andes
Mountains
This map shows the places in the World where Earthquakes occur.
These are along the edges of Tectonic Plates and near to major
mountain ranges.
3rd September 2009 12 - Koran Science & Cosmology (Pt 3) 152
Plate Tectonics
Far from preventing
Earthquakes,
Mountains can
often cause
Earthquakes.
Mountains are
created where the
edges of Tectonic
Plates collide.
During Mohammed's
lifetime (AD570-632) the
two main powers in the
Middle East were the East
Roman (Byzantine)
Empire and the Persian
Empire.
“The Romans have been defeated. In the lowest part of the Earth.
But after defeat they will soon be victorious. Between three or nine years.
God’s is the imperative first and last. On that day the believers will rejoice.”
Surah 30:2-4
http://www.quranmiracles.com/articles.asp?id=68
Pickthall “The Romans have been defeated. In the nearer land, and
they,after their defeat will be victorious.”
Yusuf Ali “The Roman Empire has been defeated - In a land close by;
but they, (even) after (this) defeat of theirs, will soon be victorious .”
Hilali-Khan “The Romans have been defeated. In the nearer land (Syria,
Iraq, Jordan, and Palestine), and they, after their defeat, will be
victorious.”
Shakir “The Romans are vanquished, In a near land, and they, after
being vanquished, shall overcome.”
Sher Ali “The Romans have been defeated .In the land nearby, and
they, after their defeat, will be victorious.”
Khalifa “Certainly, the Romans will be defeated. In the nearest land.
After their defeat, they will rise again and win.”
Arberry “The Greeks have been vanquished in the nearer part of the
land; and, after their vanquishing, they shall be the victors.”
Palmer “The Greeks are overcome in the nighest parts of the land; but
after being overcome they shall overcome.”
Rodwell “The Greeks have been defeated in a land hard by: But after
their defeat they shall defeat their foes.”
Sale “The Greeks have been overcome [by the Persians], in the
nearest part of the land; but after their defeat, they shall overcome [the
others in their turn].”
Irving “The Byzantines have been defeated on the nearest front!
Following their defeat they shall conquer a few years later.”
Dawood “The Greeks have been defeated in a neighbouring land.But
in a few years, they themselves shall gain victory.”
According to Bucaille,
Surah 27:61 alludes to
the Earths Crust being
unstable and semi-molten
on the early Earth soon
after the Planet’s
formation.
5. This verse is just saying that God made the Earth a pleasant
place for humanity to live.
1. crust
2. lithosphere
3. upper mantle
4. astenoshpere
5. lower mantle
6. outer core
7. inner core
“It is Allah Who created the seven Heavens and of the Earth the same
number, the command descending down through all of them.”
Surah 65:12 Harun Yahya
3rd September 2009 12 - Koran Science & Cosmology (Pt 3) 175
Claim 45 Seven Layers of Earths Crust
1. This claim says that 1400 years ago, the Koran alluded to the
fact that there are seven layers in the Earths crust.
Pickthall “Allah “it is who hath created seven Heavens, and of the Earth
the like thereof.
Yusuf Ali “God is He Who created seven Firmaments and of the Earth a
similar number.”
Hilali-Khan “It is Allah Who has created seven Heavens and of the Earth
the like thereof (i.e. seven).”
Shakir “Allah is He Who created seven Heavens, and of the Earth the
like of them.”
Sher Ali “Allah is he who created seven Heavens, and of the Earth the
like thereof.”
Khalifa “God created seven Universes and the same number of Earths.”
5. The Seven Earths are the Seven levels of Hell which were
imagined to be below the Earths surface.
7. Hell in the Koran and Hadith is a seven level dungeon and not
solid rock.It is nothing like Earths crust.
Islamic Fundamentalists
count up to seven by
fiddling the numbers by
subdividing the crust &
double counting sub layers.
• Crust
• Lithosphere
• Upper mantle
• Astenoshpere
• Lower mantle
• Outer core
• Inner core
Islamic Fundamentalists split the Upper Mantle
into sub layers and count then twice to fiddle
the number of layers to get seven.
Al-Tirmidhi 5735
Narrated by Abu Hurayrah
He (Mohammed) then asked, "Do you know what is below you?" On
their replying that Allah and His Messenger (peace be upon him)
knew best, he said, "It is the Earth." He then asked, "Do you know
what is under that?" On their replying that Allah and His Messenger
(peace be upon him) knew best, he said, "Under it there is another
Earth with a journey of five hundred years between them," and so on
till he had counted seven Earths with a journey of five hundred years
between each pair. He then said, "By Him in Whose hand
Muhammad's soul is, if you were to drop a rope to the lowest Earth it
would not pass out of Allah's knowledge."
Earth
According to
Al-Tirmidhi,
Mohammed explicitly
stated that Hell was
a place under the
Hell Earths surface.
Flat Earth
Multi-layered
Underworld
According to the
Koran, Hell has
seven gates.
Presumably, one
for each level of
Hell.
The Islamic Hell
is a series of
subterranean
dungeons and not
layers of solid
rock.
Arberry “Gehenna shall be their promised land all together. Seven gates
it has, and unto each gate a set portion of them belongs.
Palmer “And, verily, Hell is promised to them all together. It has seven
doors; at every door is there a separate party of them.
Rodwell “And verily, Hell is the promise for them one and all.
Sale “And hell is surely denounced unto them all:It hath seven Portals; at
each Portal is a separate band of them; It hath seven gates; unto every
gate a distinct company of them [shall be assigned].
Irving “Hell will [serve as] an appointment for all of them together. It has
seven gates; each gate will have a portion assigned from them."
Dawood “They are all destined for Hell.It has seven gates and though
each gate they shall come in separate bands.”
Here adulterous
women are shown
impaled on hooks
in Hell Fire
Arberry “Surely the hypocrites will be in the lowest reach of the Fire; thou
wilt not find for them any helper.”
Palmer “Verily, the hypocrites are in the lowest depths of Hell-fire, and
thou shalt not find for them a help.”
Rodwell “Verily the hypocrites shall be in the lowest abyss of the fire:
and, by no means shalt thou find a helper for them.”
Sale “Moreover the hypocrites shall be in the lowest bottom of Hell fire,
and thou shalt not find any to help them [thence].”
Irving “Hypocrites will stand on the lowest level of the Fire; you will never
find an supporter for them.”
Dawood “The hypocrites shall be cast into the lowest depths of the fire:
there shall be none to help them.”
This is supposed to be a
reference to Continental
Drift.
According to
some Muslims
the Koran
refers to the
fact that the
waters of the
Mediterranean &
Atlantic are slow
to mix at the
Straights of
“He has let loose the two seas, converging together,
Gibraltar due to
with a barrier between them they do not break
differences in
through.”
salinity in each
Surah 55:19-20 Harun Yahya body of water
Arberry “He let forth the two seas that meet together, between them a
barrier they do not overpass.”
Palmer “He has let loose the two seas that meet together; between them
is a barrier they cannot pass!”
Rodwell “He hath let loose the two seas which meet each other: Yet
between them is a barrier which they overpass not.”
Sale “He hath let loose the two seas, that they meet each
another.Between them [is placed] a bar which they cannot pass.”
Irving “He has loosed both seas which still come together;between them
lies an isthmus which neither tries to cross.”
Dawood “He has let loose the two oceans:They meet one another.Yet
between them stands a barrier that they cannot overrun.”
Rodwell “And He it is who hath let loose the two seas, the one sweet,
fresh; and the other salt, bitter; and hath put an interspace between
them, and a barrier that cannot be passed.”
Sale “It is he who hath let loose the two seas; this fresh [and] sweet, and
that salt [and] bitter: And hath placed between them a bar, and a bound
which cannot be passed.”
Irving “He is the One Who has cut off both seas, this one being sweet,
fresh, while the other is salty, briny. He has placed an isthmus in
between them plus a barrier to block them off.”
Dawood “It was he who sent the two seas rolling, the one sweet, the
other salt and bitter,and set a rampart between them, an insurmountable
barrier.”
“He placed a
barrier between
The two seas.
Is there divinity
besides God?
Nay, but most
people do not
know.
Surah 27:61
Bucaille
"The two seas are not alike. The water of one is agreeable, sweet,
pleasant to drink.The other salty and bitter. You eat fresh meat from it and
you extract from it ornaments which you wear."
Surah 35:12 Bucaille
"He has loosed the two seas. They meet together. Between them there is
a barrier which they do not transgress. Out of them come pearls and
coral."
Surah 55:19,20 & 22 Bucaille
3rd September 2009 12 - Koran Science & Cosmology (Pt 3) 228
Response to Claim 48
1. This interpretation is less absurd than that of Harun Yahya.
2. However, even if we accept that it is true, there is nothing
miraculous about it.
3. Any fisherman or sailor sailing near a river estuary such as at
the head of the Persian Gulf could easily have noticed. the
differences between fresh water and sea water.
4. River water would not be salty and it would contain some silt.
Seawater would be clearer and be salty.Both types of water
would look and taste differently.
5. No miraculous knowledge is required.
6. There is also an alternative interpretation of the Two Sea’s
that does not require any miraculous knowledge either.
“[I swear] by Heaven which returns and the Earth which splits.”
Surah 86:11-12
3rd September 2009 12 - Koran Science & Cosmology (Pt 3) 235
Claim 49 Mid Ocean ridges
1. This alleged “Scientific Miracle” relates to mid ocean relates to
the discovery of mid ocean ridges at the boundary of Tectonic
plates.
2. New oceanic crust is generated at a rate of a few centimetres a
year and a similar amount of old crust is recycled back into the
Earth in subduction zones at the edges of other Tectonic plates.
3. This drives the movement of Tectonic plates carrying
Continents.
4. This was only discovered in the 1960’s. How then, we are asked
could Mohammed have known about this 1400 years ago.
(Surah 86:11-12)
5. Many Muslims reply that Mohammed could not have known
unless he had been told by God.
6. This amazingly modern Geological information claim many
Muslims proves the divine authorship of the Koran and the truth
of Islam.
3rd September 2009 12 - Koran Science & Cosmology (Pt 3) 236
Claim 49 Mid Ocean ridges in Sea floor
5. Surah 86:11-12 is describing how plants push up the soil as they are
growing, something that anyone can observe.
11. This is not a Scientific Miracle, but rather it is most likely a deliberate
Scientific lie.
3rd September 2009 12 - Koran Science & Cosmology (Pt 3) 241
Claim 50 Darkness underwater