PIPING

Design, Stress Analysis and Detailing

INTRODUCTION

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Introduction:
Piping is used in industry, home and vehicles for conveying fluids and heat transfer. Pipes are also known as tubes. Piping is the arteries and veins of industry. Piping may be used for architectural and ornament purpose also. In the present context, we are discussing the industrial application of piping. Piping is used from time immemorial. Piping design can be understood from performance and strength points of view. The performance requirements of piping are dictated by the process designer. The strength considerations of piping include material selection, loads calculation, thickness selection and supports.

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Functions of Piping
Convey Fluids Transfer Heat Structural use Architectural use

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Basic of Piping:
Design of piping used for conveying fluid and for heat transfer are different. Design, stress analysis and drafting of piping require knowledge of Applied Mechanics, Mechanics of Materials, Materials Science and Computer Application.

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Mediums Handled
Liquids Gases Liquid & gas mixtures Liquid & solid mixtures Gas & solid mixtures Gas, liquid & solid Mixtures

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Difference between Pipe & Tube
Pipe is a large tube Tube is a small pipe

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Why Pipe is Hollow Circular?

Plumbers answer

Hollow Circular Pipes are used due to availability Hollow Circular Pipes are used due to economy

Engineers answer

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Materials
Ferrous materials are widely used. Non-ferrous metals have niche application Non-metallic material are used in noncritical applications

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Layout
Functional requirements Safety requirements Economic requirements Ergonomic requirements

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POWER CYCLE PIPINGS: Boiler integral piping.

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Boiler integral piping
Downcomers. Inter connecting piping between headers. Boiler feed line from feed stop valve to economiser inlet. Blowdown lines from boiler drum to blow down valve including downstream isolating valve. boiler soot blowing steam lines. boiler drains to blowdown header super heater drain header drain and drain fromabove headers upto and including first isolation valve. blow down lines from down stream isolating valve of blow down valve upto blowdown vessel. boiler drain header from downstream of the first isolating valve upto blow down vessel.

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Turbine integral piping:
Lub oil pipng for turbine and generator. control piping for valves. Turbine water drainage piping. Seal steam piping

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External piping : Main steam piping Reheater steam piping HP&LP bypass piping Boiler feed discharge piping Aux. steam piping Sparay water piping.

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TG piping : Extraction steam piping to heaters condensate extraction pump suction line and discharge line. Heater drain lines and vent lines. Flash tank vents and drains to condenser. Boiler feed discharge between heaters.

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Boiler Feed pump piping : Boiler feed suction line Boiler feed pump recirculation Balance leak off line Warm up piping.

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TG PACKAGE LP PIPING :
BCW PIPING FOR TG AUXILIARIES. RAW WATER PIPING DM WATER PIPING SERVICE AIR AND INSTRUMENT AIR PIPING.

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Miscellaneous piping :
Fuel oil supply and return lines from fuel

oil pump house to boiler front BCW piping RAPH wash water & firefighting,system piping Service air and instrument piping. Chemical dosing piping.

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LP piping :
Circulating water piping

Fire water piping

Drinking water piping Fuel oil piping Raw water piping.

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Conditions for purview of IBR :
The pressure at which steam or feed

water passes through such pipe exceeds 3.4 Kg/cm^2 gauge (or) Such pipe exceeds 254 mm in internal diameter.

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Power cycle piping :
Those piping connecting boiler ,prime mover and auxiliary equipments involved in a regenerative cycle for producing power.

Main steam piping Cold reheat steam piping Hot reheat steam piping HP & LP bypass piping Boiler feed discharge piping. Spray water piping Extraction steam piping Aux steam piping Condensate piping Vent and exhaust piping Drain piping including blow down piping.

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PIPING FLEXIBILITY

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Emprical formula for finding flexibility of the system having only two terminal points and pipe of uniform size. D -------- 208.3 (L U)2 D = Outside dia of pipe = Resultant expansion in mm L U = Developed length of line axis between anchors (m) = Anchor distance (m).

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