Sewer Appurtenances

Sewer Appurtenances are those structures and devices of a sewerage system which are constructed at suitable intervals along a sewer line to assist in the efficient operation and maintenance of the system

IMPORTANT SEWER APPURTENANCES

INLETS CATCH BASINS CLEAN OUTS MANHOLES DROP MANHOLES LAMP HOLES FLUSHING TANKS GREASE AND OIL TRAPS INVERTED SIPHONS STROM REGULATORS

INLETS & CATCH BASINS

INLETS & CATCH BASINS

Inlets are devices meant to A catch basin or catch pit is

admit storm(rain) water and surface wash flowing along the roads and convey the same to storm water sewer or combined sewer .Inlets are of three types Curb inlet(vertical) Gutter(Horizontal) Combination inlets

a device meant for the retention of heavy debris in storm water which otherwise would be carried into the sewer .It is an inlet with its outlet being places well above its bottom so that heavy debris such as grit,sand,etc.,flowing along with storm water is allowed to settle down

CLEAN OUTS
Clean outs are the devices

meant for cleaning the sewer. These are generally provided at the upper ends of lateral sewer in place of manholes. A clean out consists of an inclined pipe, one end of which is connected to the underground sewer and the other end brought to ground level.

MANHOLES

A manhole is a concrete or R.C.C masonry structure used for purpose of inspection, maintenance, testing, cleaning and removal of obstruction of sewer lines. Thus ,Manholes provide access
to sewers for inspection and cleaning and are located in the following cases: when pipes change in diameter change of direction change of slope intersection of pipes at interval, ( 20-100 m)

DROP MANHOLES
Drop manhole are

used when the difference of elevation between the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe is 60cm. The drop manhole has a vertical pipe to prevent turbulence in the manhole and to allow the maintenance works to enter the manholes safely.

LAMP HOLES
Lamp-hole - A small

vertical pipe or shaft leading from the surface of the ground to a sewer, for admitting a light for purposes of inspection."

FLUSHING TANKS
Flush Tank - A

chamber in which water, or sewage, is accumulated and discharged at intervals for flushing a sewer."

GREASE AND OIL TRAPS

Restaurants and other food service businesses generate large amounts

of cooking oil, grease and food wastes every day. Grease traps are required in most commercial applications to prevent grease from being discharged into the municipal sewer. Grease traps work by capturing the oil and grease from the flow of wastewater by slowing down the flow of hot greasy water through the grease trap (actually a tank) and allowing it to cool. As it cools, the grease and oil separate out of the water and float to the top of the trap. The cooler water continues to flow down the drain pipe to the sewer while baffles prevent the accumulated grease and oil from flowing out of the grease trap into the sewer system.

 INVERTED SIPHON. Another sewer

INVERTED SIPHONS
pipe designed to flow full and under pressure is the inverted siphon. These pipes dip below the designed gradient of the gravity pipes and are used to avoid obstacles, such as opencut railways, subways, and streams. An example of an inverted siphon is shown .The inverted siphon may have one, two, or more pipes and is designed to flow at a rate of at least 3 feet per second to keep the pipe(s) clear of settleable solids. It should have manholes constructed at both ends for maintainces

STORM REGULATORS
These appurtenances There are three types of

which are constructed for combined sewerage system,so as to permit the deversion for storm water when discharge exceeds a certain value .the excess water is diverted to a natural strem or river .thus also called as overflow devices

regulators :
Overflow weir(Side flow

weirs
Leaping weirs (jumping

Weirs )
Siphon spillways

STORM REGULATORS