GROUP3

REPORT ON THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ACIDS AND BASES

WHAT ARE ACIDS?

Acids *pH level below 7 * sour and corrosive *soluble in water *reacts with bases to produce salt and water *lemons and oranges are acids * examples: nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid

WHAT ARE ACIDS?

Acids

They have different strengths. The stronger the acid, the better it is at dissolving things. For example, acid in your stomach(hydrochloric acid) is so strong that it breaks down the food you eat. Also, you get tooth cavities because germs feeds on bits of food that you forget to brush off and make a strong acid that melts your teeth.

WHAT ARE BASES?

Bases *pH level is above 7 *slimy and soapy feeling *bitter tasting *chemical opposites of acids *react with acids to make salt and water *bleach, toothpaste and laundry detergent are all acids *usually metal oxides or metal hydroxides *examples: copper oxide, sodium hydroxide, magnesium oxide

WHAT ARE BASES?

Bases

These are opposites of acids. Like acids, bases have different strengths, and stronger bases dissolve things better than weaker ones. Strong bases are commonly used to clean water pipes and other surfaces.

POSITIVE USES OF ACIDS

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Vinegar, used in the kitchen, is a liquid containing 3-6 % acetic acid. It is use in pickles and in many food preparations. Lemon and orange juice contains citric acid. Citric acid is used in the preparation of effervescent salts and as food preservatives. Acids have been put to many uses in industry. Nitric acid and sulphuric acid are used in the manufacture of fertilizers,dyes, paints drugs and explosives. Sulphuric acid is used in batteries, which are used in cars. Tannic acid is used in the manufacture of ink and leather.

POSITIVE USES OF ACIDS

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Hydrochloric acid is used to make aqua regia, which is used to dissolve noble metals such as gold and platinum. Sulphuric acid is use in manufacturing fertilizers such as super phosphate, ammonium sulphate and others.

POSITIVE USES OF BASES

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Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) is used in the manufacture of soap. It is used in petroleum refining; in making medicines, paper, pulp and others. It is used in making rayon. Calcium hydroxide is also known as slaked lime. It is used to neutralize acid in water supplies; in the manufacture of bleaching powder; a dressing material for acid burns; as an antidote for food poisoning; in the preparation of fungicides and in the mixture of whitewash. It is mixed with sand and water to make mortar which is used in the construction of buildings. It is also used by farmers on the fields to neutralize the harmful effects of acid rain.

POSITIVE USES OF BASES

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Ammonium hydroxide is used to remove the ink spots from clothes and to remove grease from clothes and to remove grease from windowpanes. It is used in cosmetic industry. Alkalis are used in alkaline batteries. Generally, potassium hydroxide is used in such batteries.

FUN FACTS ABOUT ACIDS AND BASES

Acids and bases can help neutralize each other. Acids turns litmus paper red, bases turn it blue. Strong bases can be slippery and slimy feeling. Acids taste sour, bases taste bitter. Proteins are made up of amino acids. Vitamin C is also an acid called ascorbic acid. Ammonia is a base chemical.

DISADVANTAGE

OF ACIDS AND BASES

* Chemical burns happens when exposed tissue comes into contact with an acid or base. In most cases chemical burns are minor and only cause some skin irritation. Chemical burns must immediately be neutralized, then go to the doctor. An acid can be neutralized with a base and vice versa. The doctor will offer treatment and they will also be able to tell you whether there was any deep tissue damage. * Ingestion of an acid or base can cause human body change to its pH level; if the body is not at normal pH level, the organs will not function properly which can result in organ failure and even death. Ingestion also causes immediate burns that are similar to skin contact in the mouth, throat and stomach.

DISADVANTAGE

OF ACIDS AND BASES

Strong solutions of acids and bases can cause respiratory distress and even organ failure. This can be exacerbated in those who have asthma. Deep tissue damage can occur in addition to chemical burn. It is important to get to the doctor after a chemical burn so they can tell you if there is such damage. Avoiding the doctor can result in extreme pain in infected muscle and muscle death. All solutions, such as pure ammonia, can cause eye damage. This includes burning of the exposed tissue, and can cause burning of the interior tissue that can result in permanent blindness.

People must take special precautions when handling acids and bases. Their chemical makeup can cause damages to the human body in several ways. They are useful in science as well as around the home, so misuse of acids and bases is plausible.

GOOD DAY !!!

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING.
Group 3 St. Lucy Crystal Gale Joie E. Abaca