Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Big monkey w c
w c
Little monkey w c
w c
Little monkey w c
Now Little Monkey has to choose before he sees Big Monkey move
Two Nash equilibria (c,w), (w,c)
Also a third Nash equilibrium: Big Monkey chooses between c & w
with probability 0.5 (mixed strategy)
An example:
Big Monkey and Little Monkey
• It can often be easier to analyze a game
through a different representation, called
normal form
Little Monkey
c v
v 9,1 0,0
Choosing Strategies
• In the simultaneous game, it’s harder to see
what each monkey should do
– Mixed strategy is optimal.
• Trick: How can a monkey maximize its
payoff, given that it knows the other
monkeys will play a Nash strategy?
• Oftentimes, other techniques can be used to
prune the number of possible actions.
Eliminating Dominated Strategies
• The first step is to eliminate actions that are
worse than another action, no matter what.
w c
Big monkey w c
c w c 9,1 4,4
w
Little monkey
We can see that Big
0,0 9,1 6-2,4 7-2,3 Monkey will always choose
w.
Little Monkey will Or this one So the tree reduces to:
Never choose this path. 9,1
Eliminating Dominated Strategies
• We can also use this technique in normal-
form games:
Column
a b
a 9,1 4,4
Row
b 5,3 0,0
Eliminating Dominated Strategies
• We can also use this technique in normal-
form games:
a b
a 9,1 4,4
b 5,3 0,0
a b
a 9,1 4,4
b 5,3 0,0