SULFURIC ACID

GROUP MEMBERS
SALMAN SHEIKH 100) (2012-CH-

UMER ALI 76)

UMER TAHIR 72) EMAD ALI

(2012-CH(2012-CH(2012-CH-

INTRODUCTION
King of chemicals Oil of vitriol Highly corrosive Colorless Oily liquid

Viscous liquid
Dibasic

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Molecular Formula

H2SO4
98.079 g/mol
Clear, colorless, odorless liquid 1.84 g/cm , liquid 10 C, 283 K, 50 F 337 C, 610 K, 639 F (When sulfuric acid is above 300 C, it will decompose slowly) miscible 3, 1.99 26.7 cP (20 C)
3

Molar mass
Appearance Density Melting Point Boiling Point

Solubility In water Acidity Viscosity

GRADES OF SULFURIC ACID

Mass fraction H2SO4 Density (kg/L) Concentration (mol/L) Common name

10%
2932% 6270% 7880%

1.07
1.251.28 1.521.60 1.701.73

~1
4.25 9.611.5 13.514

dilute sulfuric acid

battery acid (used in lead-acid batteries) chamber acid fertilizer acid tower acid Glover acid concentrated sulfuric acid

98%

1.83

~18

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Oxidizing property
Fe (s) + H2SO4 (aq) H2 (g) + FeSO4 (aq) Reaction with non metal C(s) + 2 H2SO4(conc) CO2(g) + 2SO2(g) + 2 H2O(l) Exothermic property

SO3(g) + H2O

H2SO4 (aq)(88kj)

DEHYDRATION PROPERTY C12H22O11 (WHITE SUCROSE) + SULFURIC ACID (conc) 12 C(BLACK GRAPHITIC FOAM) + 11 H2O (steam) + SULFURIC ACID/WATER MIXTURE ACID BASE PROPERTIES CuO (s) + H2SO4 (aq) DISPLACE WEAKER ACID H2SO4(CONC) + CH3COONA (s) NaHSO4(aq) + CH3COOH(l) CuSO4 (aq) + H2O (l)

USES OF SULFURIC ACID

INDUSTRIAL USAGE
ELECTROLYTE
PETROLEUM REFINING

CATALYST

PAINTS

 DETERGENTS

EXPLOSIVE

 WASTE WATER TREATMENT

FERTILIZER

DOMESTIC USAGE
ACIDIC DRAIN CLEANER HEALTH

PROCESS FOR SULPHURIC ACID PRODUCTION

PROCESS
LEAD CHAMBER PROCESS CONTACT PROCESS
Single Absorption contact process
Double absorption contact process Wet contact process

LEAD CHAMBER PROCESS

GLOVER TOWER Concentration of tower acid Stripping of nitrogen dioxide Tower/ glover acid

LEAD-LINED CHAMBERS
Chamber acid or fertilizer acid 62% - 68%H2SO4

GAY-LUSSAC TOWER
Wash with cooled concentrated acid 78-80% H2SO4

LEAD CHAMBER PROCESS

CONTACT PROCESS
Catalysis Conversion
Vanadium pentaoxide catalyst over PHILLIPS Platinum catalyst

Double catalysis process

Double absorption tower used For further purification Wet contact process Moist sulfur dioxide-containing gases

Single Absorption Contact Process

CONT..
There are five steps in the manufacture of sulphuric acid by the contact process:
Production of sulphur dioxide

Purification of gases
Oxidation of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide Absorption of sulphur trioxide in sulphuric acid

Dilution of oleum

BASIC FLOW DIAGRAM

Reaction Chemistry
Sulphur Burner S(aq) + O2(g) 4-pass converter SO2(g) + O2(g) Oleum Tower SO3(g) + H2SO4(aq) Absorbtion tower H2 S2 O7(aq) + H2 O(g) SO2(g) H = -298.3 kJ, 25C SO3(g) H = -98.3 kJ, 25C

H2S2O7(aq) H = -130.4 kJ, 25C

H2 SO4(aq)

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

Process Flow Diagram

EQUIPMENT'S
Cooler Centrifugal pump Blower Drying tower Sulfur burner Waste heat boiler Electrostatic dust precipitator Heat exchanger

4-pass converter
Economizer Absorbing tower Scrubber

 An induced draft cooling tower. Acid cooler over absorbing tower maintain the temperature of it. Acid cooler over drying tower to maintain the concentration of H2SO4 and also used for drying air.

COOLER

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
ACID PUMP

TO CIRCULATE THE ACID OVER THE DRYING AND ABSORPTION TOWER.

SULFUR PUMP PREVENT THE SULFUR FROM COOLING AND SOLIDIFICATION.

BLOWER
To propel the air at high pressure. React with sulfur in a burner. Major energy consumer.

DRYING TOWER
To remove moisture from air by H2SO4 (93 98%.)

In first tower, air is enter and pure by H2SO4

In second tower, moist air is enter from scrubber.

SULFUR BURNER
The temperature of burner is 1000 - 1200C.

Dry enters in burner.

Dry air react with molten Sulfur to give SO2.

WASTE HEAT BOILER

First boiler, maintain the temperature of SO2 and pass it to precipitator. second boiler, maintain the temperature of SO3 which come from second round of converter from ( 510 to 450C)and also produce steam from SO2 and SO3.

ELECTROSTATIC DUST PRECIPITATOR

It separate the unwanted particle by electrostatic attraction. Separate the dust and smoke particles from SO2 and push to scrubber.

HEAT EXCHANGER
First time, when SO3 exchange heat with air(steam) for sulfur burner.

Second time, exchange the heat of SO3 by air to maintain the temperature of 4-pass converter from (600 to 450C).

4-PASS CONVERTER
Basically a reactor that converts SO2 into SO3 in areversible process

It uses vanadium pentoxide as catalyst

It operates usually at 450500 degree celcius with 1-2 atm pressure.

Give 98-99% conversion into so3

ECONOMIZER
The SO3 which is come from 4-pass converter, temperature is 535C. To control heat of SO3 and produce steam.

Improves the economy.

ABSORBING TOWER
After economizer, first tower absorb water to convert oleum. Second tower, convert it into fuming H2SO4. leave the stack gases.

SCRUBBER
To remove the dust particle from SO2 gas by spraying liquid. It give the moist SO2 and give it to the drying tower for maximum drying SO2 .

THE END