GSM Radio Network Optimization (How To Optimization Network)

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Wireless Network Optimization

Common procedure of network

Lets Begin!

optimization Data collection

Evaluation of network
Network optimization Introduce of network optimization

tools

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Common Procedure of GSM Network Optimization Data collection before optimization Network evaluation before optimization Optimization scheme The design of optimization implementation scheme Network evaluation after optimization Light adjustment solution Evaluation before completion Experience communion

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Data Collection

Data collection of current network Performance data and traffic from OMC-R Driving test data Test data in special place Feedback from the subscribers A interface and a-bis interface trace data by signal analysis equipment Usage of all kinds of data

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Data Collection Of Current Network-1

Parameters of BSCe.g. Max CapacityPhase2+ support ?etc.

Parameters of BTS equipment and Antenna_feeder e.g. BTS Max power output, Max Site typeLoss of components of antenna and feeder etc. Special function of equipment e.g. Distinctive handover arithmetic.

Wireless propagation Environment ClutterDense city Common citySparse citySuburbVillageLandform platformhillLand and Waters etc.Electronic map is necessary sometimes

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Data Collection Of Current Network-2

Engineering DataLongitude,latitude of sitesAltitude Site typeCapacity ConfigurationAntenna height ParametersGainFront_back ratioHorizontal 3db Beam width Vertical 3db Beam width Electrical down tiltAzimuth of AntennaLength of feeder; TMA, Booster, Repeater used etc. Wireless Resource ParametersMCC+MNC+LAC+CI BTS Output powerFrequency HoppingBSICcell selection parameterscell reselection parameters handover parametersBAneighbor cell listSDCCH ConfigurationLAC and PCHLocation Update etc.

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OMC-R Performance Data and Traffic Statistical Data

Statistical data on busy time Data kinds

SDCCH AssignAllocateseizure Success Rate and number of success TCH AssignAllocateseizure Success Rate and number of success TCH Handover Success Numbers and Success Rate TCH Handover Success Numbers and Success Rate Between Dual-band; TCH Call Drop numbers and Drop rate TCH call drop reason (LAPD ,Radio Link etc.) SDCCH Congestion and traffic per subscriber TCH Congestion and traffic per subscriber Usable rate of TRX

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Test_Object And Classification

DT test: the quality evaluation of the whole network; Frequency scanning test: checking internal or external interference ; CW test: propagation model correction test; Cell reselection border test; Cell handover border test; Interference cause confirmation;
Macrocell

Microcell

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Test data_main content

Mode of mobileNo ServiceIdleDedicated The co-ordinate of site longitude and latitude RxLevC1C2 ; RxQualFER BER ,TA ( Only in Dedicated mode etc. Decoding information and other information of neighbor cell L3Layer3informationFrom the layer 3 information ,the whole communication procedure can be traced The reselection information

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CQT Test

The special place Indoor test

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Feedback from the subscribers

The time The place

The problem description

The solution The contact information of the subscriber

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A_Interface Data
The handover data of each cell
The information of location update The information of call drop The traffic

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A-bis data
The main information you can get
The whole signal procedure

The uplink signal between MS and Network

From the analysis of measure reportthe distributing information of RXLEVquality and number of measure report TA distributing informationthe information of balance between uplink and downlink All of the signal information between BTS and BSC

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The usage of all kinds of data

Data collection of current networkthe basic of network optimization; OMC-R performance data and traffic statistical data the information shows the network quality as a whole Drive testthe information shows the network quality as a whole and the quality of particular place,but the result is random. Test in special place to find the special problem and test in hot spot Feedback from the subscriberscomplementary information and the final information Collection data from signal analysis equipmentyou can get the information of the whole network and detail information but lack of the information of downlink um interface and the location information
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Evaluation of Network

Evaluation of the whole network Finding reason of the particular problem

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Evaluation of the whole network-1

The coverage rate of the whole network The quality rate of the whole network The handover success rate of the whole network SDCCH AssignAllocateseizure Success Rate and number of success TCH AssignAllocateseizure Success Rate and number of success TCH Handover Success Number and Success Rate TCH Handover Success Number and Success Rate Between Dual-band TCH Call Drop number and Drop rate TCH call drop reason (LAPD ,Radio Link etc.) SDCCH Congestion and traffic per subscriber TCH Congestion and traffic per subscriber Useable rate of TRX

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Evaluation of the whole network-2

Difference indicators partition

TCH Congestion0%~2%2%~5%5%~10%10%~20%>20% TCH Handover Success Rate<60%60%~80%80%~90%90%~95%>95% TCH Drop Rate<1%1%~2%2%~5%5%~10%>10% Traffic Per Channel <0.20.2~0.30.3~0.40.4~0.50.5~0.6>0.6

Through the statistical Method ,we can find the bad cell.
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Special problem
Blind coverage area

The area with bad quality

The area which call drops often The reason of drop

The cell handover success rate

The TA Distributing The congestion of the cell

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Network optimization
Rudder of network optimization Common procedure of optimization Wireless parameter optimization Wireless resource parameter optimization

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Network OptimizationRudder 1
One must analyses problem systematically in network optimizationNetwork is a systemAny partial adjustment must be thought in a whole network, negative effect must be thought overSpecially for the Frequency ,antenna(Wireless parameters)

Try your best to reduce the risk of Optimization 1. Avoid adjusting the network frequency continuously. 2. Using the software and equipment to simulate the result of network optimization 3. Test in partial area 4. The good implementation procedure is needed,Especially when the adjustment job lasts long time , the adjustment must be executed step by step. 5. Backup of the current network data 6. Adjust in the lowest traffic time 7. Explain to the Subscribers if necessary.
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Network OptimizationCommon Rule 2

First the global problem ,next the particular problem The global Problems must be thought about first for example the congestion of the whole network.Next the problems in special place be thought about. First the Wireless parametersEngineering Parameters,Next the wireless resource Parameters. From the hot areas to others The main problems to minor problems

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Common Procedure
Checking network engineering parameters Antenna and feederthe mistake connection of feeder. The antenna type The Engineering parameters of antennathe Height /Azimuth/down tilt of antenna.
The exact and detailed data is the base of network optimization Checking Wireless resource parameters CGI = MCC + MNC + LAI + CI BSIC AND Frequency resource

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Common Procedure2

Confirming the probable range of the main problem according to the network evaluation report. Finding the probable problems Analyze the main problems Give the solution and implementation

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Wireless parameters
Types of wireless parametersmainlyRF Parameters including the Parameters of antennaheight of antenna azimuth Down tilt output power of BTSFrequency Othersthe propagation Environments The method of adjustmentUsing the drive test software and network plan software can increase the accuracy of adjustment.

The main problems The Coverage problems :The weak signal , the overshoot ,the overlay ; The interference: cochannel and adjacent channel interference ; The balance of traffic

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Coverage Factors of coverage:

BTS output power The loss of feeder System The antenna type The engineering parametersAzimuthDown tilt Path Loss

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Coverage-Path Loss1
Factors of Path 1. Height of antenna according to 20lg(h /30) ,the higher antenna the less path loss 2. ClutterThe building is more ,the path loss is more 3. The landform plain,hill 4. Forest influenceAbout 10 db loss if the microwave propagates the forest in 20meters

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Coverage-Path Loss2
5. Water surface effect: The signal loss near water is very small and is close to the loss in free spacethe loss on water surface becomes larger farther away from the shore, for the phase difference between the direct wave and the wave reflected by the water surface is 180 degree, while the intensities are almost the same, hence the received signal is very weak. 6. ObstacleDiffraction loss is caused by obstacles like hills and buildings. The diffraction loss can be calculated by principle of Huygens. Buildings near to the BS will cause larger shadows, while shadows caused by buildings far away are smaller because of the multi-path propagation effect. 7. Loss through buildingsIt varies significantly with buildings of different cities, structures and materials. Usually, for 900MHzthe loss is 12~17dB (15dB is usually used)for 1800MHzthe loss is 18~20dB. The loss also varies with different floors of a building: Usually, the loss reduces about 2dB every floor up. In cold areas, the walls of builds are usually rather thick, and the loss for 900MHz is about 18~20dB. 8. Propagation distanceWithin 1~20kmthe propagation loss is 40dB/declonger than 20km, the loss is about 50~60dB/dec.
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Coverage-Antenna type
The important Technology Parameters
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Gain PolarizedVertical Polarized Dual_ Polarized Vertical and horizontal 3db Beam width Front_Back Ratio Electrical Down tilt 3dB Beamwidth
Peak - 3dB

60 (eg)

Peak Peak - 3dB

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The Reason of weak signal

1. BTS Output Power
2. The loss of Feeder_AntennaAlarm of VSWR 3. Between the Directional antennas Outside of Horizontal 3dB Beam width 4. The tilt of Omni_Antenna 5. The height of antenna 6. The antenna typeFor example :the gain is too low 7. The Path Loss is big Landform or forest
WHY No signal

8. The wrong type of antenna

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The common method to increase the signal strength

1. Increase Output Power

2. Reduce the Loss of antenna and feeder 3. Use the high gain antenna if possible

4. Change the azimuth of the antenna

5. Change the down tilt of the antenna. 6. Higher the Height of antenna 7. Add new site 8. Use Repeater;

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indoor Coverage

Macro cell

Micro cell indoor

Distributed system indoor Repeater and leaking line

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Coverage indoor
Antenna

BTS

Splitter

Cable

Cable

Local Unit Fiber

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Remot e Unit

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Lonely Island
1. PhenomenonThe coverage area of one cell is divided into two or more parts.

2. ReasonThe coverage is overshooting. 3. Result bring call drops if the some neighbor relations are not defined. frequent handover The congestion because of the big coverageThe island area often have interferences 4. SolutionReduce the coverage,adjust the down tilt of the cell etc.

ISLAND CELL A
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Coverage Overlap
1. Some area covered by two or more cells is needed between two cell The area can provide coverage area continuously and handover well 2. The Overlap Area is Suitable for 20%~30% to the whole coverage area. If the overlap coverage area is big, the error handovers and call drops appear possibly. 3. Solution Adjust the wireless parametersplan coverage area for each cell carefully .Just like adjust the down tilt of antenna and output power of BTS

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The interference problems

The Problems brought by the interference 1. 2. 3. 4. Noise Call Drop Low Handover Success Rate Cant Page information increase

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Reduce the interference

ObjectIncrease the signal of main service cell ,reduce the signal strength of interference 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Increase the signal of BTS Reduce the coverage area of the main cell Good frequency Plan. Select the suitable antenna Adjust Down tilt of the interference cell Adjust the height of antenna

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Antenna Down tilt

Calculate the down tilt degree of antenna
1. Think about the vertical beam width of antenna. 2. Calculate methoddh/tg(a-t/2) d: radius of cell coveringh the effective height of antenna a the down tilt degreet : the vertical beam width of antenna 3. The above formulaneed
Height of antenna 37 Comparat ive height 57 Down tilt 10 Distance to site 1088 Cell No. Wuzhi_A Remark

The geographic situation is uneven.

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Down tilt
Unsuitable big direct down tilt can bring big problems through the alternant coverage. We suggest that we use direct and electro-down tilt together if the down tilt is too much.

No down tilt

Down tilt too much

electro- down tilt

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Frequency Planning
The problems solved by Frequency optimization 1. Solve the co-channel problem 2. Solve the adjacent channel problem Main point of frequency optimization 1. The regular BCCH Reuse :at least 4*3 better 5*3. 2. BCCH use the continuous frequency used by BCCH only. 3. BCCH not frequency hopping.

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Wireless Resource Parameters Optimization

1. The content of wireless resource parametersSet at OMC_R ,About the parameters how to use wireless resource e.g. CGICCCH combine methodPCH blocks SDCCHcell select parameterscell reselect parameters cell handover parameterspower control parameters etc..
2. How to adjust the wireless resource parameters Analysis the performance data ,drive test data to get a resolved method.

3. the problems can be dealt with capacity /call drop / others

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TCH Congestion
1. MORE TRXCalculate by Erl_B 2. Reduce the coverage Area 3. Adjust the Selection Parameters for example :RAM 4. Adjust the reselection Parameters for example: CRO 5. Adjust the Handover Parameters for example: UPLEV 6. Directional Retry

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SDCCH Congestion
The Reason of SDCCH Congestion 1. Location update frequently 2. High traffic SDCCH Congestion Cell Features 1. At the border of location 2. Alone cell 3. High traffic SDCCH Channel Method 1. SDCCH/4 2. SDCCH/8 The solution to solve SDCCH congestion Increase the SDCCH channel number

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Power control
Static power control
Control TRX Max output power

Dynamic Power Control

1. Reduce the noise of whole cell 2. Reduce the power of MS

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Adjacent cell
The neighbor relation 1. At MOST :32 2. Enough is OK ,At first,you can define many ,and reduce some 3. If some adjacent cell is left, maybe cause the handover success rate is low,and if the adjacent cell is important, call drop increase

Define the neighbor relation 1. The map 2. Drive test

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Dual_Band Network
Strongpoint

1. Provide a method for big capacity 2. Use the same site location of GSM 900M , Cost is low
Method of optimization

1. Handover parameters 2. Reselect parameters for traffic

GSM900 macro GSM1800 macro 1800 micro 900 micro

P-cell
P-cell

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Tool Introduction
Planning softplanmastertm2.0 Drive test toolsTEMSSAFCOANTPILOT Signal analysis equipmentocean

GPS

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PlanMasterTM2.0
Function
1. Evaluate the radio environment by coverage analysis, co-channel interference analysis, and adjacent channel interference analysis. Simulate and analyze the adjustment effect of radio parameters for optimization.

2. Adopt e-map to make the most of the distribution information of landforms, natural features and buildings to determine the antenna down tilt more reliably. 3. Provide the set of adjacent cells of each cell after the radio parameters are adjusted. 4. Discover radio problems by analyzing the Drive test data.

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PlanMasterTM2.0
Overshooting coverage

BS8107A

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PlanMasterTM2.0
Overlap coverage
BS8101A service area including BS8105 BS8102BS8108 etc.

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PlanMasterTM2.0
Interference

Interference analysis

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PlanMasterTM2.0
Drive test analysis

Drive test analysis

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PlanMasterTM2.0
Drive test analysis

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Ant
Received signal level

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Ant
Rxqual

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Ant
Handover

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Ant
Data replay

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OCEAN
Data statistics at A interface-Failure rate of TCH channel
The statistics shows the rate of abnormally released TCH after the TCH assignment command is given, including reasons like TCH assignment failure and TCH call drop. The TCH failure rate showed in the figure is2.7%.

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OCEAN
Data statistics at A interface-Failure rate of TCH connection

The statistics shows the rate of abnormally released TCH after the TCH connection is established, including reasons like TCH call drop. The TCH connection failure rate showed in the figure is0.6%.

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OCEAN
Data statistics at A port Handover success rate

For most cells, the handover success rate is above 95%. This function reflects the handover success rate between any two cells

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OCEAN
A-bis interface-Coverage across cells
For the Mechanical Factory District 3, there are some calls for TA 20while there is no call from TA 10 to TA 20, which is definitely an island phenomenon.

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OCEAN
A-bis interface-Interference
Sometimes there is fairly strong interference for some time slots in the District 3 of the Police Hospital. It is because the remote areas like District 3 of the Police Hospital are covered by cochannel cells, or adjacentchannel cells of strong intensity, and when the handset uses channels of cochannel or adjacent-channel cells, it is inevitable for the handset signal to interfere some time slots of the cell.
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OCEAN
A-bis interface-Interference

For the District 3 of the Police Hospital, RQ is larger than 2 when the received level is still 85dBmwhich shows that there is significant interference in the cell.

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OCEAN
Measure report analysis:
1. Fault phenomenon: the signal coverage of the BS in Qidu of Chizhou Unicom, Anhui, is comparatively weak, but there is no alarm. 2. Problem location: shut down the power control of uplinks and downlinks of this BSand trace the measure reports of some call processes at the A-bis interface of the BS with the signaling analyzer. According to the principle of equal loss for uplinks and downlinks, use the following formula: P outAnt P ms P rvUp P rvDown Take the average from many measure reports to determine whether the output power at the transmitting end of the antenna is normal 3. Result of data analysis: the output power is comparatively small. 4. Solution: Replace the power amplifier, and it can be settled.
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