PRESENTATION TOPIC

APPLICATIONS OF MAXWELLS EQUATION AND ITS HARMS.

PRESENTED BY
Name: Reg. #: KHALIL UR REHMAN UW-11-EE-BSc-034

Mr. HAMDAN AWAN

CONTENTS
Definition Applications of Maxwells Equation. Disadvantages (Harms) of Maxwells Equation.

MAXWELLS EQUATION
Definition:
Maxwell's equations are a set of partial differential equation that, relate the electric and magnetic fields to each other and to the electric charges and currents.

APPLICATIONS OF MAXWELLS EQUATIONS

Maxwell's equations are applicable throughout space and time.At the points of discontinuity, Maxwell's equations cannot give any information as they contain space derivatives. If Maxwell's equations have been evolved for an EM field in integral force, only then they can give information at points of discontinuity. The point of discontinuity is the boundary surface. Various relations between electric field E, magnetic field H, electric flux density D and magnetic flux density B in terms of Maxwell's equations are only valid for a point in the continuous medium.

APPLICATIONS OF MAXWELLS EQUATIONS

Gausss Law for Electricity : The electric flux out of any closed surface is proportional to the total charge enclosed within the surface. The integral form of Gauss' Law finds application in calculating electric fields around charged objects. In applying Gauss' law to the electric field of a point charge, one can show that it is consistent with Coulomb's law.

APPLICATIONS OF MAXWELLS EQUATIONS

Gausss Law for Magnetism:

The net magnetic flux out of any closed surface is zero. For a magnetic dipole, any closed surface the magnetic flux directed inward toward the south pole will equal the flux outward from the north pole. The net flux will always be zero for dipole sources. If there were a magnetic monopole source, this would give a non-zero area integral. The divergence of a vector field is proportional to the point source density, so the form of Gauss' law for magnetic fields is then a statement that there are no magnetic monopoles.

Gauss's law for magnetism: magnetic field lines never begin nor end but form loops or extend to infinity as shown here with the magnetic field due to a ring of current.

APPLICATIONS OF MAXWELLS EQUATIONS

Faraday's Law of Induction : The line integral of the electric field around a closed loop is equal to the negative of the rate of change of the magnetic flux through the area enclosed by the loop. This line integral is equal to the generated voltage or emf in the loop, so Faraday's law is the basis for electric generators. It also forms the basis for inductors and transformers.

APPLICATIONS OF MAXWELLS EQUATIONS

Ampere's Law: In the case of static electric field, the line integral of the magnetic field around a closed loop is proportional to the electric current flowing through the loop. This is useful for the calculation of magnetic field for simple geometries.

Disadvantages
The variable standard capacitor is very expensive. The bridge is limited to measurement of low quality coils.