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Digestive Function
Ingestion Digestion Absorption Compaction Defecation
Chemical
Hydrolysis reactions Breakdown of macromolecules Mouth, stomach, small intestines
Digestive Anatomy
Tract
Mouth to anus
Accessory organs
Teeth, tongue, salivary glands Liver, gall bladder, pancreas
Figure 25.1
Fig. 25.1
Fig. 25.2
Peritoneum
Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum Mesentery Omentum
Greater Lesser
Figure 25.3
Fig. 25.3
Checkpoint Questions
The inner lining of the digestive tract is called the ______. The salivary glands are ________ digestive organs. A large, fatty apron that covers the small intestines is called the _____ _______.
Checkpoint Answers
The inner lining of the digestive tract is called the mucosa. The salivary glands are accessory digestive organs. A large, fatty apron that covers the small intestines is called the greater omentum.
The Mouth
Oral (Buccal) cavity- Fig. 25.4 Cheeks and lips Tongue
Papillae and tonsils
Palate
Hard and soft Uvula
Fig. 25.4
The Teeth
Salivation
Mastication Saliva
Amylase and lipase Lysozomes IgA
Salivary nuclei
Fig. 25.9
Fig. 25.10
Salivary Nuclei
Pons and medulla Autonomic fibers
Parasympathetic response Sympathetic response
The Esophagus
Cardiac orifice Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Heartburn
Esophageal glands
Swallowing
Deglutition- Fig 25.11 Buccal phase
Voluntary control Bolus
Pharyngoesophageal phase
Involuntary Peristalsis
Fig. 25.11
Checkpoint Questions
The teeth are collectively called the _______. Salivary _______ begins starch digestion in the mouth. Swallowing is also known as ________.
Checkpoint Answers
The teeth are collectively called the dentition. Salivary amylase begins starch digestion in the mouth. Swallowing is also known as deglutition.
The Stomach
Cardiac region Fundic region Body Pyloric region Rugae
Microanatomy
Mucous cells Stem cells Parietal cells Chief cells Enteroendocrine cells
Notes: From Saladin 6th Ed.
Figure 25.14
Figure 25.14
Gut-brain peptides
Fig. 25.15
Gastric Secretions
Fig. 25.17
Fig. 25.18
Checkpoint Questions
The inferior-most region of the stomach is the _____. Protein digestion is aided by the presence of the enzyme _____. During the ______ phase, the vagus nerve stimulates gastric secretion before food is swallowed.
Checkpoint Answers
The inferior-most region of the stomach is the pyloric. Protein digestion is aided by the presence of the enzyme pepsin. During the cephalic phase, the vagus nerve stimulates gastric secretion before food is swallowed.
References
Saladin, Kenneth (2012). Anatomy and Physiology, The Unity of Form and Function, Sixth Ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.