Presentation about { Morocco

H00277741 Abdelrahman Khalid Abdulla Alhaarthi CJE Culture Diveristy Supervised by Dr. Hedley

1- Moroccan history 2- Moroccan culture

A-Facts and figures B-Ethnic groups and languages C-Traditional clothing D-Cuisine

The history of Morocco spans over twelve centuries, without taking Classical antiquity into consideration. The territory corresponding to Morocco has been inhabited by Berbers for 5000 years. The country was first unified by the Idrisid dynasty in 789, half a century after the Berber Revolt, that led to its independence from the Arab Caliphate. Under the Almoravid dynasty and the Almohad dynasty, Morocco dominated the Maghreb and Muslim Spain. The Reconquista ended Almohad rule in Iberia and many Muslims and Jews migrated to Morocco. Under the Saadi dynasty, Morocco would consolidate power and fight off Portuguese and Ottoman invaders, as in the battle of Ksar el Kebir. In 1666 the sultanate was reunited by the Alaouite dynasty, who have since being the ruling house of Morocco. The organization of the state developed with Ismail Ibn Sharif. With his Black Guard he drove the English from Tangier in 1684 and the Spanish from Larache in 1689. The Alaouite dynasty distinguished itself in the 19th century by maintaining Moroccan independence while other states in the region succumbed to European interests. In 1912, after the First Moroccan Crisis and the Agadir Crisis, the Treaty of Fez was signed, effectively dividing Morocco into a French and Spanish protectorate. In 1956 ,after 44 years of occupation Morocco regained independence from France as the Kingdom of Morocco.

A-Facts and figures

Population

33,757,176 (July 2007

est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write population: 52.3% - male: 64.7% - female: 40.6%)

-Amazigh: a standardized version of all

Moroccan Berber languages, official since
(July 2011)

-Moroccan Arabic: not used in writing,

locally known as Darija.

-Vernacular Berber: Tarifit, Tachelhit,

and Central Atlas Tamazight (spoken and written but not fully standardized).
Ethnic
groups

-Hassaniya Arabic: Primarily in the

south

Maghrebians
(Arab-Berbers) by heritage, and Arab or Berber by identity

-French and Spanish: used along

Arabic in business, government, military, and diplomacy.

B-Ethnic groups and languages

Morocco is considered by some as an Arab-Berber country. Classical Arabic is an official language of Morocco, rather than a mother tongue, and is used in a limited and formal socio-economic and cultural range of activities (like newspapers and official documents), in competition with French, and until recently, Berber. The most common spoken languages of Morocco are Berber and Moroccan Arabic. Most Berbers embraced Islam quickly, though their non-Arab ethnic and linguistic distinction has resisted the Arab-Islamic influence. Hundreds of Amazigh (Berber) associations have been created to defend their culture and identity in the last few decades in Morocco and Algeria. In 1994, the stateowned TV station RTM (now TVM) started broadcasting a daily, 10 minute long news bulletin in the 3 Berber dialects. Berber activists are repeatedly demanding a 50% share of broadcasting time in standardized Berber (Tamazight) on all state-owned TV channels. There is also a national Tamazight channel in Morocco, called Tamazight TV. It opened in 2010.

C-Traditional clothing

The traditional dress for men and women is called ; a long, loose, hooded garment with full sleeves. For special occasions, men also wear a red cap called a burnouse, more commonly referred to as a . Women wear decorated with ornaments. Nearly all men, and most women, soft leather slippers with no heel, - )wear ) often dyed yellow. Women also wear highheeled , often with silver or gold .

D-Cuisine

Moroccan cuisine is home to , , and influences. It is known for dishes like , , and others. Spices such as cinnamon are used in Moroccan cooking. Sweets like are popular, as well as other sweets. Cuisines from neighboring countries also influence the country's culinary traditions.

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The End .. Hope you enjoyed