Letter Writing:

Rea din g and Though tf ul ly Corr espond ing

Obje ctiv es
 To teach students to read letters or letter
requests carefully before responding.

 To teach students the importance of

creating formal and informal documents.

 To teach students basic letter formats and

letter-writing strategies.

 To teach students letter-writing etiquette.

 Defin ition of “Lett er”
Le tter
“A written or printed communication directed to a
person or organization.”

(http://education.yahoo.com/ reference/dictionary/entry/letter)

Letters may be created and sent as:

 E-mail or electronic transmissions (including faxsimiles)
 Hand-delivered transmissions
 Regular mail transmissions
Letter Writ in g Et iq uett e
Etiquette is good manners or appropriate or accepted social
practices that reflect and promote civility.

When shou ld you write a letter?

To thank someone who has been gracious, kind or helpful to
you.

When you need assistance or answers to help you make intelligent

decisions.

To respond to a letter or letter request that you have

recently received. (do not wait too long)

 To create legal documents that record information and support claims.

 To show that you are a courteous, professional, detail-

oriented person who is aware of etiquette.
 Why lette r w riting
matte rs
“A writer, writing away, can always fix himself up to
make himself more presentable, but a man who
has written a letter is stuck with it for all time.”
– E. B. White

Therefore . . .
 Letters should be truthful as they may become a permanent
record of what you know, think or feel at the time you are
writing the letter.
 Letters have come back to haunt many people.
 Letters reflect the character and communication skill of the
writer.
White, E. B. Retrieved 3 December 2007, from http://education.yahoo.com /reference/ quotations/quote/73980;_ylt=Avh
quotations/quote/73980;_ylt=Avh
063rs2dGmhje26vMRZT1RCc0F
 Bef or e wr it in g a let ter . .
.
 Read (1) the letter or letters to which you need or want to
respond; or (2) read a written announcement or article
motivating or requesting a letter response.
(News stories, displays and billboards, and even oral comments that
others have voiced may spark your passion to write a letter.
Listening, is therefore important to letter writers.)

 Exam ine the ton e (language) of the letter, announcement

or other printed material to which you will respond. The tone
of the motivating piece helps you determine the tone of your
written response (formal or informal).

 Ident ify your audience and purpose in order to determine

the type of letter you will write (formal or informal).

 Think ab out / Plan your response.

Letter Mechanics –
1. Pronoun (Point of View)
 The use of personal pronouns is important
in letters . . . I, he, she, it, we, they, you

 In a letter, do not refer to yourself in the

third person by using one or the writer.

 It is perfectly natural and appropriate to

refer to yourself as I and to the reader as
you.
Letter Mechanics –
2. Focus and Specificity
 Be Focused; however, avoid choppy
sentences.

 Don't be so concise that your tone is blunt.

 Use terminology and concepts related to the

industry / field. (Jargon may be appropriate
in business writing. )

 Avoid vagueness. Be specific in your

requests or statements of facts.
Letter Mechanics –
3. Active versus Passive Voice
Exa mples
PA SSIVE Sen ten ce : It was discovered that the
salary totals were incorrect.

Wh o disco ver ed “i t” [the pro bl em] ? Th e

und er pai d empl oyee, The payr oll spe ciali st ,
Th e Acco unti ng Dep ar tmen t, An In ter n, The
IRS? (Be s pe cif ic.)

Rev is ed ACT IVE s en ten ce: The Accounting

Department discovered that the salary totals were
incorrect.
Two ca teg or ies of let ter s

 Busin ess Lette rs (format writing; more formal

writing that may share elements of essay writing)

 Pe rs onal Let ter s (often informal; may be

addressed to a friend or familiar acquaintance
about a personal subject; may regard a personal
problem, issue or even a personal business matter
pertaining to ones personal finances or personal
legal matters)
 Ty pes of Per son al
Letter s
 Apologies
 Appreciation and Thank You: For favors, kindness

 Congratulations
 Personal Complaints
 Invitations
 Offering Condolences
(sympathy or get well)

Source: Muyesseroglu, Janel. Retrieved 4 Dec 2007, from http://depts.gallaudet.edu/englishworks/writing/letter/writingletters.html

 Pers ona l L ett ers . . .
whether typed or handwritten, may include personal touches
that reflect your style or personality.

Dat e Sp ecial st at ionery

Sal ut ation
(Greeti ng)
                                                                                   
  December 4, 2007
Dear Maxwell,
I just wanted to take a moment to write to you
to express my thanks for the extra tutoring
help you gave me this fall as I struggled in my
Math 1112 course.  People like you make our
world a better place simply because you
take the extra time to help others overcome
fears and learn important skills. I think I can
safely say, you are going to make a great math
teacher one Comp
day!liment ary
Si gnat ure Clo si ng
You stand head and shoulders above others in
Gu idel ines fo r Writi ng
Apo lo gi es :
•Write as soon as possible after the incident.

•Apologize, but do not go overboard by saying, "I am very, very, very

sorry."

•Keep it simple and to the point. Summarize what you are apologizing
for, and apologize only for the particular situation or problem. Be
brief.

•Apologize cheerfully and sincerely. Do not express feelings of guilt.

•Explain what you will do to correct the mistake or situation.

•Do not put blame on another person and do not blame problems on
computer errors or carelessness.
Sa mple C omp la in t L ett er

mm/dd/yyyy

To Betty Grimes,

I am writing to inform you that your daughter, Sarah, broke the front passenger
window of my Ford Taurus while playing softball yesterday afternoon. The car is
brand new. Hopefully, your homeowner's insurance will cover this kind of damage.
Please check with them to see if it is covered. If they will not pay for it, I will get
two repair estimates for you so that you can determine how you will pay for the
repair. 

Perhaps we could meet this Saturday afternoon to discuss our options. You can
reach me at (202) 555-1098. Thank you for your timely attention to this matter.

Thank you,
Rita Green
Rita Green
124 Huckabee
Littletown, AL 34567
When t o Wr it e a Pe rsona l Thank You,
congrat ula tio ns or Apprec ia tio n
Lett ers
To thank or show gratitude for:
 Gift
 Group efforts
 Introduction to other people
 Invitations to speak
 Helpful advice or suggestions
 Personal favors
 Recommendations for position or awards
 References
 Sympathy
 Volunteers
 Graduations
Gu idel ines fo r writ in g pe rsona l
appre ciati on / tha nk you letter s:
 State what you appreciate and briefly explain why.

 Do not add other news or information not related to the

appreciative gesture

 Be brief, warm, and sincere. (Two to three lines should suffice.)

Example:
Thank you for the character reference you provided to Troy
University on my behalf. I truly appreciate your willingness to
provide the reference, as well as your time and attention to
completing it. Again, thank you, and best wishes. – Tina
Applicant

 Postcards may be used for short notes. Personal notes should be

handwritten.
Wri tin g a n In vitati on
(For mal ( Busi ness) or Inf orma l Events )

Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Raphael-Leon

cordially invite you to a reception Identify the host
celebrating the engagement of and type of event.

Mary Jane Raphael-Leone Identify guests of

Identify date/time/ & Robert Wilson Yates honor (if applicable).
lo catio n of e vent.
to be held Sunday, the sixth of June, in the
year two thousand and eight, at
six o'clock in the evening at
.
o n a l) o &
i h
Pierre's Cafe ( o pt ow w ect .
s n p
d res to k t o ex
800 23rd Street NW y P
c if SV sts
Washington, DC. Spe est R gu e
qu ny
Re w m a
ho
Semi-formal dress
RSVP (202) 555-6908 yourself and one guest. Thank you.
Pr ac ti ce Exer ci se –
Pers ona l l ett er (ch oose
two)
 Write a thank you letter/note card to
someone who has recently helped you

 write a congratulatory letter/note to

someone who has recently achieved an
outstanding honor.

 Design an invitation to an event you will

host December 22, 2007.
Bu sin ess Let ter s
Business letters are documents created to:
o persuade or inform readers (Ex: a letter from a
candidate requesting your vote)

o analyze a concept or situation (Ex: a letter from the

human resources manager explaining the new payroll
deposit system to company employees)

o propose a solution (a letter offering a plan to reduce or

prevent school violence)

o correct some perceived error or miscommunication. (Ex:

a letter to a creditor about a billing error you have
noticed)
Busin ess L etters

Format Writing
Common Ty pes of
Bu sin ess Let ter s To wri te any type of
bu sin es s lett er , follow
•Acceptance Letter (yes/ legal) th ese ba sic ste ps :
•Acknowledgement Letter (Receipt)
•Adjustment Letter (a legal
document / addresses a complaint
or claim)
•Identify your reader
•Application Letter (request job
•Establish your objective
consideration/ interview)
•Determine your scope (how
•Complaint Letter (a legal document)
much researched
•Cover Letter (accompanies resume
information to include )
or order)
•Organize your letter
•Inquiry Letter (posing a question)
•Draft your letter
•Order Letter (request letter)
•Close (End) Your Letter
•Refusal Letter (reject an offer)
•Review and Revise Your Letter
•Response Letter (answers inquiry)
(proof for physical problems and
•Sales Letter (marketing)
edit for logic issues)
Source: Business Letters. Retrieved Dec. 3, 2007, from http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/documents/business_writing/business_letter/
Gen er al Pa rts of ev er y
Bu sin ess Let ter
 Heading (sender’s return address and date)
 Inside Address (recipient’s address)
 Salutation (greeting)
 Body (paragraphs)
 Complimentary Close
 Signature Line (with or without title)
 Enclosure (optional)
 cc notation (copies sent to others)
 Sender/typist initials (optional)
Gen er al St ateme nts a bou t
Bu sin ess Let ter Wr it in g
 “Business letters [are] required in many different
situations . . . from applying for a job to requesting
or delivering information.”

 Writing for business should be “crisp and succinct. It

should be to the point, specific and accurate.”

 “Even though business writing is possibly less formal

than it once was, your writing must . . . adhere to
the conventions of standard American English”
(spelling and grammar rules)
Source: http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/business.html
 Gener al L et ter Lay outs /
Styles
Modified Block Style   Block Style

    Semi-block Style

                         

http://www.englishplus.com/grammar/00000144.htm
Letter head 1. Bloc k
St yle
(Simplified)
Let ter Form at
SA MPLE

Everything flush
to left margin with
no indents.

Sig na ture Blo ck : Align this with the Complimentary

Close. Leave fou r blank li nes to sign your name.
Don’t forget to sign you r name exactly as you typed
it. Your title is optional and depends on the relevancy
and degree of formality you need or want to establish.
Source:ht tp: //jo bsea rch tech .abou t.com /od/ le tters/ l/ bl_ mb lo ck _p. htm
 2. Mo dif ied
Bloc k St yle
Let ter
For mat
SA MPLE
Pa rag raph s are not
in dente d; how ev er,
th ese parts of the
lett er are
ce ntered:
•Sender’s return address
•Date letter written
•Complimentary closing
•Sender’s signature/title
http://www.englishplus.com/grammar/00000144.htm
 Company Logo or Letterhead

March 15, 2007 3. Semi-b lock

St yle Lett er
Fo rma t
Mr. John Smith, Director of Operations
SomeGroup Group
100 SomeStreet Drive
Sometown, Alabama 34567 SA MPL E
Dear Mr. Smith:

Thank you for your inquiry about Semi-Block format for letters. What
follows is a quick summary of the format and the conventions it uses.

Semi-block format or style is frequently called modified semi-block

because it is a slightly less formal modification of full block format. This letter
style places the date line in alignment with, or slightly to the right of dead
center. Another option for placing the date line in semi-block is flush right. Indent paragraphs 5
Similar to full block, semi-block places the inside address, salutation and any
end notations flush with the left margin. However, unlike full block, each body spaces. Everything
paragraph of semi-block is indented five spaces. The complimentary close else is flush at the left
and signature block are aligned under the date.
margin.
This page illustrates the spacing and layout of semi-block format. Both full
block and semi-block formats generally contain all of the necessary parts of a
letter.

Sincerely yours ,

Dr. Sheila Carter-Todd

 Bu sin es s L et ter
Sa lu tat ion / Gre et in g
 A Business letter’s text starts with a simple and
professional greeting such as,
The Word Dear, Mr./Ms./Title, & Last name of Person:”

Examp le s
Dear Dr. Smithsonian:
Dear Ms. Cleopatra:

 The difference between personal and business

letter greetings is that a colon (:) follows the
greeting of a business letter and a comma (,)
follows the greeting of a personal letter
 Body
 A generally acceptable format for the body
of most business letters is bl oc k st yle,
wit h no i nd ent ions or centeri ng of
any pa rt s .

 Paragraphs should also be single spaced

within the paragraph and double spaced
between different paragraphs.
 Busin es s L et ter Con ten t

 Each paragraph in the business letter should

contain different topics.

 The first paragraph should grab attention and state

the reason for the letter.

 The middle paragraphs, as in most letters, should

support your reason and go into details.

 In the final paragraph, it professional etiquette for

the writer to thank the reader for taking his or her
time to read the letter.
 Closing
 The end of a business letter marks the
biggest difference between business and
personal letters.

 The ending of a business letter usually

states ‘Sincerely,’ followed by three blank
lines for the writer’s signature and then
the writer’s typed name.
Letter-writing Practice Exercise:
Response letter

 Behave as if you have just received the

Letter of Application in the next slide.

 You must notify the person that he or she

did not get the job and that your company
has recently filled the advertised position.

 Write a one-paragraph letter to the

applicant. (See upcoming slide for a
suggested approach to writing the letter.)
Read this Sample Business Letter (Letter of Application) below.
Sender’s Return address 6123 Farrington Road
Troy, Alabama 27514
Inside address January 11, 2007
(receiver)
Taylor, Inc.
This letter is written in Mo dified Blo ck St yle .
Mr./Ms. S. Student, Human Resources Director
Indent the sender’s address, letter date,
694 Rockfoot Lane
complimentary close, & signature. Everything else is
Durham, North Carolina 27708 flush to the left margin. Single Space throughout,
except double Space between new paragraphs.
Dear Mr./Ms. Student: Center letter on the page.

I just read an article in the News and Observer about Taylor's new computer center just north of Durham. I
would like to apply for a position as an entry-level programmer at the center.

I understand that Taylor produces both in-house and customer documentation. My technical-writing skills, as
described in the enclosed resume, are well suited to your company. I am a recent graduate of Troy University
in Troy, Alabama, with an Associate's Degree in Computer Science. In addition to having taken a broad
range of courses, I served as a computer consultant at the college's computer center where I helped train
computer users on new systems.

I will be happy to meet with you at your convenience and discuss how my education and experience match
your needs. You can reach me at my home address, at (919) 233-1552, or at crock@devry.alumni.edu.

Complimentary Closing Sincerely,

r e
d e r ’ s Signatu
Raymond Graduate Se n
Suggesti ons f or R espo ndi ng
 Reminder to supply address information.
 Include salutation.
 Acknowledge receipt of the application
package.
 Thank the applicant for his interest.
 Notify the applicant that the position has
been filled.
 Let the applicant know that you will keep
the application packet on file.