SHIP MACHINERIES

By Group 2

SHIP MACHINERIES

MAIN (PROPULSION)

AUXILLIARY (SUPPORT)

SHIP PROPULSION ENGINES

STEAM TURBINE GEAR DRIVE DIESEL ENGINE

GAS TURBINE GEAR DRIVE

SHIP PROPULSION ENGINES

SHIP PROPULSION ENGINES

It

is also known as MARINE PROPULSION. It is the mechanism or system used to generate power that is converted into thrust (because of the propellers) to move a ship or boat across water.

STEAM ENGINE TURBINE GEAR

Definition:
A

steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. Its modern manifestation was invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884.

What is a turbine?
A

ROTARY MECHANICAL DEVICE that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. A turbine is a machine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor. Early turbine examples are windmills and waterwheels.

To put it simple
A

turbine is a machine for producing continuous power in which a wheel or rotor, typically fitted with vanes (blades), is made to revolve by a fast-moving flow of water, steam, gas, air, or other types of fluid.

Operation and Maintenance

Problems

normally encountered with steam engines:

Uneven Expansion Vibration (may lead to blade breaking) because of rotor imbalance Erosion of blades from condensed water hitting the blades

Question:
CAN A ELECTRIC FAN BE CONSIDERED AS A TURBINE?

Answer:
NO,

because turbines are machines to extract and convert fluid flow from either gas, steam, or water, into power while electric fans spin by the use of electric motors.

GAS TURBINE GEAR DRIVE

Definition:
A

gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of internal combustion engine. It has an upstream rotating compressor coupled to a downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber inbetween.

To put it simple
The

basic operation of the gas turbine is similar to that of the steam turbine except that air is used instead of water (steam). Fresh atmospheric air flows through a compressor that brings it to higher pressure and greater temperature, therefor once it escapes, it expands rapidly to rotate the turbines.

Other information
Gas

turbines are used in many naval vessels, where they are valued for their high power-to-weight ratio and their ships' resulting acceleration and ability to get underway (starting) quickly.

Question:
What are the advantages of using a Gas Turbine Engine?

Answer:

Very high power-to-weight ratio, compared to reciprocating (other) engines; Smaller than most engines of the same power rating. Moves in one direction only, with far less vibration than a reciprocating (other) engines. Fewer moving parts than other engines. Greater reliability, particularly in applications where sustained high power output is required

Answer:
Waste

heat is dissipated almost entirely in the exhaust. This results in a high temperature exhaust stream that is very usable for boiling water in a combined cycle, or for cogeneration. Low operating pressures. High operation speeds. Low lubricating oil cost and consumption.

Answer:
Can

run on a wide variety of fuels. Very low toxic emissions of CO and HC due to excess air, complete combustion and no "quench" of the flame on cold surfaces

BUT!!!
Due to its great fuel consumption, gas turbines are not suitable for long trips, and its much less fuel efficient than diesel engines

DIESEL ENGINE

Definition:
It

is an internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition and burn the fuel that has been injected into the combustion chamber. This contrasts with spark-ignition engines such as a petrol engine (gasoline engine) or gas engine (using a gaseous fuel as opposed to gasoline), which use a spark plug to ignite an air-fuel mixture. The engine was developed by German inventor Rudolf Diesel in 1893.

NOTE:
GAS ENGINES are different from GAS TURBINES

NOTE:
The difference between DIESEL ENGINES and GAS ENGINES is the way the fuel is combusted. In DIESEL ENGINES, combustion occurs due to compression of the fuel while GAS ENGINES requires spark-ignition

NOTE:
Diesel Engines provide more compression, therefor generating more power. Diesel Engines are more widely used in Marine Propulsion than Gasoline Engines

Fact
Most

modern ships use diesel engines as their prime mover, due to their operating simplicity, robustness and fuel economy compared to most other types of engines.

DIESEL ENGINES 2-Stroke 4-Stroke

What is a 2-Stroke Diesel Engine?

A

two-stroke, two-cycle, or two-cycle engine is a type of internal combustion engine which completes a power cycle in only one crankshaft revolution and with two strokes, or up and down movements, of the piston in comparison to a "fourstroke engine", which uses four strokes to do so.

What is a 4-Stroke Diesel Engine?

A

four-stroke engine (also known as fourcycle) is an internal combustion engine in which the piston completes four separate strokes which comprise a single thermodynamic cycle. A stroke refers to the full travel of the piston along the cylinder, in either direction.

AUXILIARY MACHINERY and EQUIPMENT

What are Auxiliary Machines and Equpment?

Provides

ships smooth operation and personnel safety and comfort aboard ship. It also functions as a supporting machinery to the main machineries of the ship (propulsion)

REFRIGERATION PLANT

AUXILIARY MACHINERY

AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT DISTILLING PLANTS

ELECTROMECHANICAL STEERING GEAR

STEERING GEARS
ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC STEERING GEAR

ANCHOR WINDLASS CAPSTAN

LUBE OIL PURIFIER

LOW PRESSURE MEDIUM PRESSURE HIGH PRESSURE

AUXILIARY MACHINERY

AIR COMPRESSOR CRANES ELEVATOR

WINDLASS LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT

RANGES

OVENS MIXING MACHINE CUBE STEAK MACHINE TOASTERS

AUXILIARY MACHINERY

DEEP FAN FRYERS MEAT SLICING MACHINE COFFEE URNS STEAM JACKETED KETTLE

GALLEY EQUIPMENT

REFRIGERATORS COOKING UTENSILS

DISHWASHING MACHINE

Refrigeration Plant

Air-conditioning equipment

Distilling Plants

Steering Gears

Anchor Windlass

Capstan

Lube Oil Purifier

Air Compressor

Cranes

Elevator

Winches

Laundry Equipment

Galley Equipment