PSYCHOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION

Is Modi fit to be the next PM of our country?

Psychology and Communication

Each one of us receives and comprehends communication or communicates based on individual perception. Individuals perception is based on their psychology. What is Psychology?

Psychology and Communication

Psychology is the study of the how and why of human behavior, emotion, and thought

Father of Psychology- Wilhelm Wundt 1879- First Psychology Lab Introspection

Is Psychology an Art or Science?

What is Psychology?

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organisms physical state, mental state, and external environment.

What is Psychology?
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organisms physical state, mental state, and external environment.

Scientific study requires several things:

1. Theoretical framework 2. Testable Hypotheses 3. Empirical evidence

What is Psychology?
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organisms physical state, mental state, and external environment. Behavior and mental processes include overt, observable instances but also include subtle kinds of instances, like brain activity using EEG.

What is Psychology?
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organisms physical state, mental state, and external environment. Humans and many other creatures included in the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Example-Dog training

What is Psychology?
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organisms physical state, mental state, and external environment. Physical state relates primarily to the organisms biology - most especially the state of the brain and central nervous system

Experience of an emergency situation

Fight or flight?

Hypothalamus sends out signals/impulses to glands and smooth muscles- adrenal medullarelease epinephrine.

Fight or flight

heart rate and blood pressure increase pupils dilate to take in as much light as possible veins in skin constrict to send more blood to major muscle groups (responsible for the "chill" sometimes associated with fear -- less blood in the skin to keep it warm) blood-glucose level increases Muscles tense up, energized by adrenaline and glucose (responsible for goose bumps -- when tiny muscles attached to each hair on surface of skin tense up, the hairs are forced upright, pulling skin with them) smooth muscle relaxes in order to allow more oxygen into the lungs. nonessential systems (like digestion) shut down to allow more energy for emergency functions trouble focusing on small tasks (brain is directed to focus only on big picture in order to determine where threat is coming from)

What do you feel when you have to be out of town for an urgent reason?

What is Psychology?
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organisms physical state, mental state, and external environment. Mental state does not have to be conscious - can study mental states in many creatures without their conscious awareness - and can be studied in terms of brain activity.

What is Psychology?
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organisms physical state, mental state, and external environment. All organisms function in an environment that is constantly presenting them with problems and challenges that must be solved.
Examples???? Weather/noise.

What is Psychology?
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organisms physical state, mental state, and external environment. Most people think of psychology as the study of differences between people, but it also includes the study of similarities between people.
Example: Control/Affection

How study of psychology would help in understanding the communication behaviour as well as communication management better?

What will be the result in the absence of such knowledge?

Theories of Personality

Psychoanalytic Behavioural Humanistic Approach- Maslow Trait Theory Social Learning Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Theory of Reactance

Theories of Psychology
Psycho-analytic Theory Conscious Sub conscious Unconscious

Behaviourist and Learning Aspect of Personality

Classical Conditioning- Pavlov

Learning by reinforcement

Behaviourist and Learning Aspect of Personality

Behaviour Equation

Behaviourist and Learning Aspect of Personality

Operant Conditioning- B.F. Skinner Emphasized the study of overt, obeservable behaviour, environmental conditions, and the processes by which events and circumstances determine behaviour. Function of behaviour Personality is meaningless

Operant Conditioning- B.F. Skinner

Emphasis on who we are result of childhood reinforcement (rewards and punishment) Consequences of behaviour- responsible of all behaviour Lucky shoes/scarf??? Employee reward schemes Applying Behaviourism- Change in personality using reinforcement

Communication

What is Communication?

Communication is transfer of information from one point to another using any medium/channel with or without result, with or without feedback.

Social Cognitive Theory- Albert Bandura

Self-system set of cognitive processes by which a person perceives, evaluates, and regulates his or her own behaviour so that it is appropriate to the environment and effective in achieving the individuals goals. Not only by reinforcement Self system plays an important role. Cognitive nature of individual during learning Prior reinforcement leads to anticipation of reinforcement

Observational Learning

Vicarious learning (second hand) Suggested learning beyond reinforcement Can learn simply by watching others perform behaviour. No direct punishment or reward. Expansion of knowledge based on the information derived from personal and vicarious experiences. Attention, retention, behavioural production, and motivational.

Self- Efficacy

An expectancy or belief about how competently one will be able to enact a behaviour in a particular situation. Painting competition - example

Why do you think you resemble one of your parents in personality?

Modelling

Age, gender, similarity to the observer, status, competence, and power of the model. Low self-esteem, more dependent, reinforcement of imitative behaviour of the observer. Modeling- observational behaviour E.g. tight rope walker, on the job training.

Social Prompting of Human Behaviour

Actions of others social prompts for behaviour Can perform but have not done (insufficient inducements) Exemplification Fashion and taste industries Sprite Ad/tea Effect of media- entirely socially mediated (Awareness of personal hygiene)

Does media shape new ideas or reflect public attitudes and behaviourism?

Fevicol Ad

Communication on the basis of influence

Influence Persuasion- can be achieved if one takes into account the characteristics of openness and responsiveness of the people affected. Manipulation is based on deception by the initiate, the false arguments and emotional, the influence of the modification actions and events of the latter, according to the interests of the initiators

Festingers Cognitive Dissonance theory

The theory suggested that humans are uncomfortable holding simultaneously two or more ideas or attitudes that are in obvious tension, and that they will work to reduce the tension, or dissonance between such ideas. Movie traffic signal Example- Beggar on the cross roads.

Theory of Psychological Reactance, Brehm

Theory of Psychological Reactance, holds that people want to determine their values, norms and behaviors autonomously. People tend to resist social pressure threatening their autonomy and behavioral freedom. Authoritative, peremptory communication, commands, prescriptions, restrictions and bans can elicit reactance. Reactance can prevent individuals from personally adopting social norms. whereas justifications can enable persons to deviate from personally accepted social norms.

Help Keep Your Pool clean or: Keeping the Pool clean depends on You are more effective slogans than Dont Litter or: Dont You dare to Litter Environmental communication should avoid to elicit reactance, in particular, if pro-environmental behavior can not be controlled and enforced! Environmental communication should also avoid to elicit justifications for norm violations.