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Lesson 6
Drilling System - Pressure Loss Calculations

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Drilling System - Pressure Loss Calculations

Read: MI Chapter 5 Multimedia Program # 3 & 4

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Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

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Drilling System - Pressure Loss Calculations

Hydrostatics Buoyancy Flow through pipes and annuli Flow path Pressure loss calculations

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Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

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Hydrostatics
Liquid columns Gas columns Complex Columns

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Hydrostatics in Liquid Columns

1 cu.ft. of water 62.4 lb/cuft Area = 12x12 =144 sq.in 62.4 / 144 = .433 psi/ft .433psi/ft/8.333 ppg 0.051962 ~0.052 psi/ft/ppg HSP = 0.052 x MW x TVD
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

1ft x 1ft x 1ft

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Hydrostatics in Liquid Columns

All are full of 10.0 ppg mud MD = 12,000 MD = TVD= 10,000 TVD = 10,000 MD = 14,000

TVD = 10,000

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Hydrostatics in Gas columns

p p0 e
M D D0 1, 544 zT

p Absolute pressureat the bottom of the bubble p 0 Absolute pressureat the top of the bubble D Depth of bottom of bubble D 0 Depth at the top of the bubble M Molecular weight of the gas z Gas deviation factor T Absolute temperature
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Hydrostatics in Complex Columns

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Hydrostatics in Complex Columns

0.052 x 10.5 x 7000
= 3822 psi 0.052 x 8.5 x 300

= 133 psi
0.052 x 9 x 10,000 = 4680 psi 5946 - 4680 = 1266 psi
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Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

0.052 x 12.7 x 1700 = 1123 psi 0.052 x 16.7 x 1000 = 868 psi

Total = 5946 psi

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Equivalent Density Concept

EMW = Pressure/ (0.052 x TVD) Equivalent mud weight is the total pressure imposed at a given depth expressed in ppg equivalent e.g. 5946/ (0.052 x 10000) = 11.43 ppg

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Buoyancy
The net effect of hydraulic pressure acting on a foreign material immersed in the well fluid.

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Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

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Buoyancy
F1 = p1A = 0.052 x MW x D x A = Downward force F2 = p2A = 0.052 x MW (D + h)A = Upward Force The resultant buoyant force: Fbo = F2 - F1 = 0.052 x MW x A (D+h-D) = 0.052 x MW x A x h
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Buoyancy
Fbo = Weight of a the fluid displaced. The effective weight of the submerged object is: We = W - Fbo = W[1-(rm/rs)]

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Flow through pipes and annuli

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Flow through pipes and annuli

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Flow path

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Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

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Pressure loss calculations

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Turbulence - Newtonian
Onset of turbulence occurs at a Reynolds number of 2100 Table 4.6 gives equations for Reynolds number

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Friction Factor - Newtonian

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Turbulence -Bingham Plastic

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Turbulence - Power Law

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Velocity & Flow Behavior Parameters

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Turbulence Criteria

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Laminar Flow Frictional Pressure

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Turbulent Flow Frictional Pressure

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Example 4.21
Given:
MW Viscosity Depth Hole size DP size q = 9.0 ppg Newtonian fluid = 15 cp = 10,000 = 7 = 5 = 80 gpm

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Required:
Static and circulating BHP (assume Laminar)
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Solution
Static BHP
0.052 x 9 x 10,000 = 4680 psig

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Solution
Frictional pressure
q 80 v 2 2 2 2 2.448d 2 d1 2.4487 5 v 1.362 ft/sec dpf 151.362 .0051psi/ft 2 dL 10007 5 p f 10000 .0051 51psi
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Solution
Circulating BHP = HSP + Friction
= 4680 + 51 = 4731 psig.

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Turbulence?
Critical Reynolds number = 2100 What is the critical velocity

N Re vcr 757 r d 2 d1
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N Re

757 rv d 2 d1

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Critical Velocity?
2100 15 vCr 757 9 7 5 vCr 2.312 ft / sec qCr 136gpm
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qCr 2.312 2.448 7 5

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