Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
SUDIP SHRESHTA
What is GPS?
The Global Positioning System is a satellite based navigation system that sends
Why GPS?
Finding out where you are and where youre going. Positioning is crucial in handling geographical data A world wide system for positioning
GLONASS Galileo
Europeans
The control segment tracks the GPS satellites, updates their orbiting
position and calibrates and synchronises their clock It determine its path of each satellite and predict its path for
following 24 hours
Master control station State of Colorado.
Monitor Station
Ground Antenna
Errors in GPS
GPS has been assumed that the position derived from GPS is very accurate and free of errors but there are several sources of error that degrade the GPS position from the theoretical few meters to tens of meters. Theses error sources are Ionospheric and atmospheric delays Satellite and receiver clock errors Multi path Dilution of Precision Selective Availability Anti Spoofing
Earths Atmosphere
Solid Structures
Metal
Electro-magnetic Fields
Dilution Of Precision
Dilution Of Precision
Better DOP
Better Precision
Dilution Of Precision
Lowest DOP
Best Precision
Signal of GPS
The satellites broadcast two carrier waves constantly. These carrier waves are in L-Band (Used for radio) and travel to earth at the speed of light. These carrier waves are derived from the fundamental frequency, generated by a very precise atomic clock. The L1 carrier is broadcast at 1575.42 MHz (10.23*154) The l2 carrier is broad cast at 1227.60 MHz (10.23*120) The L1 carrier then has two codes modulate upon it. The C/A code or Coarse/Acquisition Code is modulated at 1.023MHz and P-code or Precision Code is modulated at 10.23MHz The L2 carrier has just one code modulated upon it. The L2 p-code is modulate at 10.23MHz A GPS receiver uses the different codes to distinguish between satellites. The codes can also be used as a basis for making pseudo range measurements and therefore calculate a position.
DGPS
Differential Phase GPS is used mainly in surveying and related industries to achieve relative position accuracies to typically 550mm. Tow GPS receivers are always used simultaneously. The reference receiver is always positioned at a point with fixed or known co-ordinates The other receives are free to rove around. These are known as Rover Receivers The baseline between the reference and rover receiver are calculated Basic technique is still the same as the techniques mentioned previously The big difference comes in the way those ranges are calculated.
Receiver
DGPS Receiver
DGPS Site