Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Engineering
C. R. I.
Université de
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
• Overview Picture
• Conventional Approaches
• RE Framework
• Recent Approaches
• About the RE process
• Bibliography
• Conclusion
C. R. I.
Université de
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
Overview Picture
What is RE?
Notion of a requirement
The requirements engineering process
Tentative Definition
WHY
Mission statement,
goals
WHY ?
The Requirements
Engineering process
Requirements
WHAT ? Specification
C. R. I.
Université de
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
What is a Requirement?
Examples
Requirements taxonomy
User Re
qu
nt
ie
i
En reme
Cl gin n
eer ts
Elic
Valid itat
ation ion
ager
man ct
Proje
r
ato
Specif Neg
ic
ilit
Docum ation otia
tion
fac
entatio
Do n
m
exp ain em
ert Syst st
ly
Ana
C. R. I.
Université de
What is Engineering Requirements ?
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
Requirements
Analysis
Design
Implementation
• Overview Picture
• Conventional Approaches
• RE Framework
• Recent Approaches
• About the RE process
• Bibliography
• Conclusion
C. R. I.
Université de
The Conventional View Point
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
Validation
CONCEPTUAL
WHAT
Requirements Engineering SCHEMA
Design
Correction
Requirements specification
INTERNAL
= conceptual specification HOW SCHEMA
System Engineering
C. R. I.
Université de
Modelling Perspectives
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
Behavioural &
Temporal
Approaches
SADT Function
IE
Data
Computerise hotel
reservations
Function
Create Modify
Reservations Reservations
Behaviour
C. R. I.
Université de
Modelling Perspectives
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
Data
for in
Reservation Room Hotel
1,N 1,N 1,1 1,N
Function
Behaviour
C. R. I.
Université de
Modelling Perspectives
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
Data
Request
Arrival
Create Update
Wait List
Room
Reservation Availability
Request
Increased
availability
Create Function
Update
Behaviour
C. R. I.
Université de
Integrating Perspectives
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
OO approaches
Data
E/R Data Driven
CIAM Approaches
NIAM
SHM
REMORA ERAE
MERISE
UML
Temporal &
Object Oriented
Behavioural OOA
Approaches O* Approaches
IE
Customer
Data
Hotel Update
Availability
Create
Room
Close Update
Availability
Accept
Availability Reservation
Cancel
Function
Create
Behaviour
C. R. I.
Université de
Exercise
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
Place the method that you are most familiar within the framework
Validation
CONCEPTUAL
Requirements Engineering SCHEMA
Design
Correction
INTERNAL
SCHEMA
System Engineering
C. R. I.
Université de
New RE perspectives
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
Initial New
model model
Change
(As-Is) (To-Be)
definition
Reverse Change
Legacy
analysis implementation
integration New
Existing
system system
C. R. I.
Université de
Outline
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
• Overview Picture
• Conventional Approaches
• RE Framework
• Recent Approaches
• Bibliography
• Conclusion
C. R. I.
RE Framework
Université de
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
Intentional relationship
USAGE SYSTEM
WORLD WORLD
Usage fit relationship
(Jarke92, Jarke93)
C. R. I.
Université de
RE Framework
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
2 sources of
requirements
Understanding the
The social Intentional
perspective Relationship
SUBJECT
is essential to
WORLD comprehend the
System system rationale
Environment
2 sources of
requirements
Understanding the
Usage Fit
The individual,
Relationship
pragmatic is essential to meet
perspective SUBJECT users'
WORLD expectations
System
Environment
Understanding the
Domain Genericity
2 sources of
Relationship
requirements helps
eliciting generic
SUBJECT D requirements
om
WORLD ai
System n
G
Environment en
er
ic
ity
USAGE re
la
WORLD Usa tio
ge F ns
it re hi
latio p
nsh SYSTEM
Inte ip
rela ntion
tion al WORLD
ship
C. R. I.
Université de
Outline
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
• Overview Picture
• Conventional Approaches
• RE Framework
• Recent Approaches
• About the RE process
• Bibliography
• Conclusion
C. R. I.
Université de
Usage World and IS Rationale
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
Objectives model
motivates
motivates
motivates motivates
motivates
concerns
concerns concerns
IS requirements model
Problem
Goal motivates The number of old
Gain the respect and the clients is decreasing
confidence of the old clients
motivates
Goal Rule
Keeping good contacts Old clients are those with a car more than 10 years old
with the old clients being repaired twice during the last three years
motivates
needs needs
Functional IS Requirements Model Non functional IS Requirement Model
Problem
Goal motivates The number of
Gain the respect and old clients is
the confidence of the decreasing
old clients
motivates
Goal
Rule
Keeping good
Old clients are those with a car more than 10 years old
contacts with the
being repaired twice during the last three years
old clients
motivates
C. R. I.
Université de
Example: Car Repair Shop
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
Problem
Goal motivates The number of old
Gain the respect and the clients is decreasing
confidence of the clients
motivates
Goal Rule
Keeping good contacts Old clients are those with a car more than 10 years old
with the clients being repaired twice during the last three years
motivates
needs needs
Functional IS Requirements Model Non functional IS Requirement Model
Functional Requirement Non Functional Requirement
Select the old clients Cards must be colour printed
C. R. I.
Université de
Exercise
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
System
Requirements
Collection
Scenario 1
Scenario
Actor A
Actor B
Actor A Actor B
Every Actor has his/her view Every Actor describes the way
on how to use the system he/she would like to interact
with the system
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Example : The Meeting Scheduler
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
(Potts94)
C. R. I.
Université de
Scenario Based RE
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
• Overview Picture
• Conventional Approaches
• RE Framework
• Recent Approaches
• About the RE process
• Bibliography
• Conclusion
C. R. I.
Université de
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
The RE process
Maturity levels
It is necessary to improve the
• INITIAL (80%)
maturity level of development teams
• REPEATABLE
Including RE teams • DEFINED
• MANAGED
• OPTIMISED
(Humphrey89)
C. R. I.
Université de
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
The RE process
Agreement
common views
Specification (Pohl94)
C. R. I.
Université de
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
Pohl’s view of the RE process
Expression
- requirements documents
- goals
- scenarios
Discussion
- questions
- answers
- open questions
Commitment
- change requests
(Potts94)
C. R. I.
Université de
Tracing the RE Process
Paris 1 - Sorbonne
Pro (+)
Position
Argument
Con (-)
Is a response to
is suggested
by
Issue Passenger is not an
Entity-Type
o.n
SITUATION Person Car
owns
Person
ACTION
is.a is.a
1.n
Non car owner Car owner Car
owns
Enactment Guidance
Feedback Control Information
Enactment Domain
(adapted from
Dowson93)
Enactment
Mechanism
• IEE standard
IEEE/ANSI 830-1993
IEEE/ANSI 830-1998
Standards, Guidelines and Examples on System and Software
RE, M.Dorfman, R.H.Tayer, IEEE Computer Society Press, 1993&1998
1 Introduction
Purpose of the requirements document
Scope of the product
Definitions, acronyms and abbreviations
References
Overview of the remainder of the document
2 General description
Product perspective
Product functions
User characteristics
General constraints
Assumptions and dependencies
3 Specific requirements, functional, non-functional,
and interface requirements.
C. R. I.
Université de
Bibliography
Paris 1 - Sorbonne