03 Introduction To Minitab

Six Sigma Green Belt Training
03 Introduction to MinitabTM
2007 American Society for Quality. All Rights Reserved. Recognize Define Measure Analyze Improve Control
Minitab
MinitabTM is a very powerful, full feature, statistics package seamless with Excel, PowerPoint and iGrafx
Does all the math and graphics for:

Control Charts Hypothesis testing Sample size selection Multivariance analysis
Design of Experiments
Confidence intervals
Gage R&R
and much more
The primary software enabler for 6s
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Page 2 Intro to Minitab, Version 2.1
2007 American Society for Quality.

All Rights Reserved.
Minitab

The de facto software for statistical analysis for Six Sigma projects Is not a spreadsheet Minitab is not difficult to learn Minitab has excellent context sensitive help World-class call in and email support for registered users
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Minitab Environment
Session Window
Columns C1, C2, C3, . . .
Rows 1, 2, . . .
Data Window
Cells
Multiple worksheets may be open in different Data windows. However, only one is active at a time.
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Minitab Accepts Three Types of Data: Date/Time, Text & Numeric

D suffix indicates the column contains date/time T suffix indicates the column contains text No suffix indicates the column contains numeric data
Data types can not be mixed in a column. If the column contains one cell that has text in it, the entire column is considered to be text.
Minitab operates on columns not cells

Minitab Operations
The vast majority of operations effect the entire column. For example, you can not plot a portion of a column.
Only the columns that can be acted upon appear on the selection (left) panel. Double clicking on a column name moves it to the action (right) panel.
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Minitab Windows
Data - just as the name implies

Session - output of most tests and analysis
Graphs - each graph is created in a new window.

Graphs are linked to the data but updates only occur when the Window>Update All Graphs Now command is performed or by right clicking on the graph and selecting Update Graph Automatically.
Information - column by column summary information about the

data
History - record of actions, useful for creating macros
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Minitab File Types

Project contains a complete record of actions taken (session window, history window, graphs and worksheet(s). Takes more disk space. Uses the file suffix .MPJ
Worksheet contains the data only. Takes very little disk space. All of the Minitab files used training are worksheet files which use the suffix .MTW
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Importing Data

Each variable must be in a single column Title each column (less than 31 characters) Blank cells will show as * Dollar signs and , separators are OK
Note: Minitab can manipulate the data to fix most problems but it is typically easier in the native program (i.e., Excel or Access)
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Creating Graphs
Pull down the graph menu then select the desired graph type and fill in the dialog boxes.
Note: the dialog boxes are not active until the cursor is in the box, so the options do not show in the selection panel until the cursor is in the box.
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Exporting Data and Graphs
Graphs - click the right mouse button on any graph to open the graph sub menu. The most efficient way to copy Minitab graphs into PowerPoint is to use the copy graph command from the graph submenu, switch to PowerPoint select the paste special command then paste as a Picture (enhanced metafile)! Text - drag across the desired text then right click to open the copy dialog box or use the standard ctrl-c. Text in the session widow is a mono-space font, therefore it will not align correctly unless a monospace font is applied to it. Courier New is the most commonly used.
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Importing Data
Open the file Excel-Minitab.XLS Select and copy from A2 though M15
Jan Defective Electronic Component Defective Electronic Assembly Defective Mechanical Component Incorrect Component Assembled Wrong Hardware Soldering Defect Electrical Connection Wiring/cable Defect Finishing Defect Processing Defect Damaged Component Cleanliness Defect Procedural Defects 3 0 103 38 222 188 17 88 64 9 372 204 254 Feb 7 1 169 72 233 359 42 217 121 21 472 139 288 Mar 40 247 58 328 337 49 137 103 24 551 81 254 Apr 13 4 334 90 250 454 38 190 124 31 703 122 235 May 16 1 290 57 185 288 44 131 70 20 505 111 157 Jun 5 2 171 87 119 300 42 91 47 8 436 71 121 Jul 16 5 246 120 137 353 59 95 65 15 464 120 139 Aug Sep 13 14 0 2 140 155 72 65 109 99 315 225 37 41 95 79 79 63 11 13 449 427 50 55 101 112 Oct 10 0 178 59 131 211 77 76 77 15 428 49 144 Nov 5 103 88 85 176 34 71 42 10 300 68 122 Dec 11 2 158 57 138 193 19 56 76 6 444 36 124
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Data in Minitab
Data transferred from Excel. Note the * in row 2 of C4. This is the result of pasting an empty cell into Minitab. This will be treated as missing data, not as a zero.
Replace the *s with zeros.


Create a Pareto Chart

Stat>Quality Tools>Pareto Chart
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Pareto Chart for C1

Pareto Chart of C1
1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
100 60 40 20 0
C1
ts re ct ct ct ct er nt nt c e e e e e a e h f f f f n fe on Ot dw De De De De r po l De p le m m ss Ha ng ng a o i o b i e r r a g h C s lin l C g/c du ron de d n l a e ni e i a c o c i n F g e S o W a iri an Cl Pr m h W c Da Me ive t c fe e D Jan 372 254 222 204 188 103 88 64 67 Percent 23.8 16.3 14.2 13.1 12.0 6.6 5.6 4.1 4.3 Cum % 23.8 40.1 54.3 67.3 79.4 86.0 91.6 95.7 100.0
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Percent
80
Jan
Create a Year Column

Calc>Row Statistics
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Create a Pareto Chart for Year

Stat>Quality Tools>Pareto Chart
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Pareto Chart for Year

Pareto Analysis for the Year
Number or Defects
6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0
nt ect ent cts are ect ect ect led her e n ef on ef e dw Def Def Def mb Ot o D r p g p lD a se le ess ing m m s H n a o i o b r A g C er l C du ca nlin ish nt n / d d l a o e n g e r Fi one So anic roc W irin Clea ag p P m h W a c m e D M Co t e c tiv re r c fe co e n I D Number or Defects 5551339922942051203613261106 931 863 852 Percent 27.2 16.7 11.2 10.0 10.0 6.5 5.4 4.6 4.2 4.2 Cum % 27.2 43.9 55.1 65.1 75.1 81.6 87.0 91.6 95.8100.0
C1
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Plot Units Failed vs. Units Submitted

Copy data from Excel spreadsheet cells A16:M17 into Minitab rows 16 27. Transpose the columns in Minitab Data>Transpose Columns
Note the data could also have been transposed in Excel using the Paste special command.

Create a Scatter Plot
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Scatter Plot
Scatterplot of Units Submitted Insp vs Units Failed Insp
50000
Units Submitted Insp
40000
30000
20000
10000 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Units Failed Insp 2000 2200 2400
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Enhancing the Graph

Scatterplot of Units Submitted Test vs Units Failed Test
10000
Units Submitted Test
9000
Right click on the Y Axis
8000
7000
6000 500 600 700 800 900 Units Failed Test 1000 1100 1200
Worksheet: Worksheet 5
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Edit Some Features of the Axis
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Enhanced Graph
Scatterplot of Units Submitted Insp vs Units Failed Insp 50000
Units Submitted Insp
40000
30000
20000
10000 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
Units Failed Insp
Many more of Minitabs graphic features are used in the Graphic Analysis module.

Formulae in Columns
Right Click in the title box of column 15
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Enter the Formula
Changes in any of the reference columns causes the formula to update the result in the target column.
This does not occur when the calculator is used unless the assign as a formula check box is checked.
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Using Minitabs Help
Press F1 in a blank Minitab session to start at the beginning of the help system
Press F1 for context sensitive help

Click on at the bottom left of any menu
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Using Minitabs Help
At any dialog box, press F1 for context sensitive help or click on at the bottom left of any menu
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Minitabs Help
Minitab has an excellent context sensitive help systems

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Select Methods and Formulas to Drill Down
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Drill Down Capability
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Drill Down Results
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Create a Capability Analysis to Illustrate Statguide

Open the worksheet Sample Data.MTW Quality Tools > Capability Analysis > Normal
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Create a Capability Analysis to Illustrate Statguide (cont.)

Quality Tools > Capability Analysis > Normal > Select Sample Data, Subgroup size: 5, Lower Spec: 4, Upper Spec: 16
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Using the Statguide

Right click on the graph to bring up the menu on the right.
Process Capability of Sample Data
LSL
Process Data LSL 4 Target * USL 16 Sample Mean 10.0815 Sample N 750 StDev(Within) 1.98534 StDev(Overall) 2.21949
USL
Within Overall
Potential (Within) Capability Z.Bench 2.80 Z.LSL 3.06 Z.USL 2.98 Cpk 0.99 Overall Capability Z.Bench Z.LSL Z.USL Ppk Cpm 2.46 2.74 2.67 0.89 *
4
Observed Performance PPM < LSL 4000.00 PPM > USL 5333.33 PPM Total 9333.33
10
12
14
16
Exp. Within Performance PPM < LSL 1094.84 PPM > USL 1436.09 PPM Total 2530.93
Exp. Overall Performance PPM < LSL 3071.48 PPM > USL 3831.23 PPM Total 6902.71
Worksheet: Sample Data.MTW
Select

Using the Statguide
Click on any topic in the left panel to obtain a non-technical description in the right panel.
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Using the Minitab Report Function

Right click on the graph to bring up the menu on the right, and Select: Append Graph to Report This puts the graph into report pad, which is behind the scenes in MINITAB. The report can be saved by: File > Save Report As Save as Rich Text Format (*.RTF) or Web Page (*htm, *.html)
Process Capability of Sample Data
LSL
Process Data LSL 4 Target * USL 16 Sample Mean 10.0815 Sample N 750 StDev(Within) 1.98534 StDev(Overall) 2.21949
USL
Within Overall
Potential (Within) Capability Z.Bench 2.80 Z.LSL 3.06 Z.USL 2.98 Cpk 0.99 Overall Capability Z.Bench Z.LSL Z.USL Ppk Cpm 2.46 2.74 2.67 0.89 *
4
Observed Performance PPM < LSL 4000.00 PPM > USL 5333.33 PPM Total 9333.33
10
12
14
16
Exp. Within Performance PPM < LSL 1094.84 PPM > USL 1436.09 PPM Total 2530.93
Exp. Overall Performance PPM < LSL 3071.48 PPM > USL 3831.23 PPM Total 6902.71
Select
Worksheet: Sample Data.MTW
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Customizing Minitab (If You Want To)
Adding items to Minitabs menus may help Minitab fit your style.
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Customizing Minitab (If You Want To)
Drag and drop from this panel to any menu
Open and save project commands added to the edit menu
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Add Links to the Tools Menu
Adds a new link
Click here then browse to find the desired application
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Importing a Profile
A profile sets Minitabs defaults and preferences.
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Managing Profiles
Open ASQ Green Belt.reg. Brought in as Default Profile. Move to Active.
Rules: At least one profile must be active Multiple profiles can be active The one on top has highest priority

Set the Default Initial Directory

This sets the folder Minitab will use to look for files first. Suggest setting this to your Green Belt Data files folder for training.
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You Can Always Get Back
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Assignment:
Create a Pareto and Scatter plot using the Test Data in the spreadsheet ...
\DataFile\Excel-Minitab.xls
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Learning More About Minitab

In-class examples as each topic is discussed Meet Minitab Minitab tutorials Actual project work
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Six Sigma Green Belt Training

Does all the math and graphics for:

The primary software enabler for 6s

Page 2 Intro to Minitab, Version 2.1

2007 American Society for Quality.

Page 3 Intro to Minitab, Version 2.1

2007 American Society for Quality.

2007 American Society for Quality.

Minitab Accepts Three Types of Data: Date/Time, Text & Numeric

2007 American Society for Quality.

Page 6 Intro to Minitab, Version 2.1

Data - just as the name implies

Graphs - each graph is created in a new window.

Information - column by column summary information about the

History - record of actions, useful for creating macros

Page 7 Intro to Minitab, Version 2.1

2007 American Society for Quality.

Minitab File Types

Page 8 Intro to Minitab, Version 2.1

2007 American Society for Quality.

Page 9 Intro to Minitab, Version 2.1

2007 American Society for Quality.

Page 10 Intro to Minitab, Version 2.1

2007 American Society for Quality.

Exporting Data and Graphs

Page 11 Intro to Minitab, Version 2.1

2007 American Society for Quality.

Page 12 Intro to Minitab, Version 2.1

2007 American Society for Quality.

Replace the *s with zeros.

2007 American Society for Quality.

Create a Pareto Chart

Page 14 Intro to Minitab, Version 2.1

2007 American Society for Quality.

Pareto Chart for C1

Page 15 Intro to Minitab, Version 2.1

2007 American Society for Quality.

Create a Year Column

Page 16 Intro to Minitab, Version 2.1

2007 American Society for Quality.

Create a Pareto Chart for Year

Page 17 Intro to Minitab, Version 2.1

2007 American Society for Quality.

Pareto Chart for Year

Page 18 Intro to Minitab, Version 2.1

Plot Units Failed vs. Units Submitted

2007 American Society for Quality.

Create a Scatter Plot

Page 20 Intro to Minitab, Version 2.1

2007 American Society for Quality.

Units Submitted Insp

Page 21 Intro to Minitab, Version 2.1

2007 American Society for Quality.

Enhancing the Graph

Right click on the Y Axis

Page 22 Intro to Minitab, Version 2.1

2007 American Society for Quality.

Edit Some Features of the Axis

Page 23 Intro to Minitab, Version 2.1

2007 American Society for Quality.

Units Submitted Insp

2007 American Society for Quality.