BACTERIAL DIVERSITY IN TAP DRINKING WATER

Presented by: Tongbram Usharani Devi M Sc. Under the Supervision: Dr. Indu Sharma Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar

Introduction

Water

is an indispensable

element in the maintenance of all life form on Earth .

Adequate
drinking

supply of safe
water is

prerequisites for a healthy

life, but waterborne disease

is a major cause of death in many parts of the world.

Factors for water contamination:

Biologically- Microbes like viruses, protozoa or bacteria Physically- Thermal pollution Chemically- Domestic waste, Agricultural, Municipal waste etc.

Biological Contaminants:
Drinking water must be free from pathogens like viruses, protozoa or bacteria which may cause diseases such as hepatitis, giardiasis, typhoid, paratyphoid, dysentery, cholera and many others.

Coliform Bacteria
Enterobacteriaceae, gram-negative, non-spore forming,
oxidase-negative, rod-shaped facultative anaerobic bacteria that ferment lactose to acid and gas within 24-48

hours at 36 2 c.
A potential indicator for the presence of disease-causing

organisms may be in tap water. Health Effects:

Harmless, but presence is a sign for faecal pathogens, including
non-coliform pathogens such as other forms of bacteria, viruses, or protozoa.

It may causes diarrhoea, cramps, nausea, jaundice, headaches,

fatigue and so on

OBJECTIVES

Isolation of coliform organisms from tap drinking water. Biochemical characterization of isolated organism for identification.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Sample collection (AUS canteens, AUS water reservoir, Irongmara ) Media used:- (Nutrient agar, MacConkey agar, EMB agar and Muller Hilton agar) Most Probable Number Method (MPN) Presumptive test: Confirmed test: Complete test: Isolation. Morphological and cultural characters Plate count method Grams staining process Motility test

Biochemical tests

Catalase test- (Bubble formation with Hydrogen

peroxide)

Oxidase test- (Blue colour with oxidase disc)

Indole test- (Red Violet ring in Kovacs reagent after culturing in peptone water) Methyl red test- (Red colour in Methyl red reagent after culturing in peptone water) Vogas-proskauer (VP) test- (Pink colour with VP reagent I and II) Citrate test- (Blue colour in Simmon Citrate agar slant) Triple sugar iron (TSI) test.

RESULTS

Collected samples

MOST PROBABLE NUMBER TEST

Complete Test

BIOCHEMICAL TEST

TSI and Citrate Test

MR Test

Microscopic View: E.coli

Microscopic View: Klebsiella sp.

Colony Count

The Biochemical test results confirm the presence of E.coli and Klebsiella sp. in the drinking Tap water samples collected and shows the percentage of isolates.

Chart Title

E.Coli

Klebsiella

48% 52%

Discussion

In this study, the results showed that most test samples were found the presence of coliforms bacteria in different CFU. Mass Communication canteens water got highest coliforms (700 CFU) than other samples. So, most of the University canteens water were contaminated with coliform organisms and may be health risk to the consumer. Out of twenty seven isolates,14 (E. coli) and 13 (Klebsiella sp)were detected by the help of biochemical tests.

Conclusions

Out of twenty seven isolates, 14(E.coli) and 13(Klebsiella sp) were found in the drinking tap water. These indicated that the proper measurement should be taken or should be check carefully. No single parameter can fill all the information needs. So, Different parameters like source water quality assessment, assessment of treatment efficiency, monitored the quality of drinking water leaving the treatment facility and in the distribution system.

THANK YOU
For your kind attention