Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Agenda
Gb interface introduction Gb review ( protocol stack / ntw layers ) Gb in detail ( NSE / logical connections ) Frame relay interface planning BSC dimensioning Frame relay dimensioning SGSN dimensioning Gb Detail planning ( e.g. Topology ) Exercise 1: case study Nortel BSS Nokia SGSN Exercise 2: detailed planning
Gb Interface
Gb interface
SGSN BSC
Frame Relay
PCU PAPU
BSS GPRS
Gb Interface Review
GPRS Interfaces
SMS-GMSC SMS-IWMSC E D MSC/VLR Gd A Um Gb Gs Gr Gn SGSN Gp GGSN other PLMN
4 NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning
HLR
Gc Gi GGSN PDN TE
MS
BSS
Gn SGSN
Gf EIR
Gb Interface Review
IP
L2 L1
Radio interface
GPRS IP Backbone
Internet
SNDCP: Sub-Network Dependent Convergence Protocol The primary function of BSSGP is to provide the radio-related, QoS, and routing information that is required to transmit user data between a BSS and an SGSN. A secondary function is to enable two physically distinct nodes, the SGSN and BSS, to operate node management control function . BSSGP: Base Station System GPRS Protocol NS: Network Service SNAP: Subnetwork access protocol
5 NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning
Gb Interface Review
Network Layers
Intra-site Gn SGSN Gb BSC Inter-site Gn SGSN Gb BSC
GPRS IP Backbone Network
GPRS
TCP/IP
ATM & FR
Transport/SDH
Gb Interface Review
Gb Interface
Gb BSC Frame Relay BSS PCU PAPU GPRS SGSN
Gb Interface Review
BVC 0 for signalling NS-VC Own BVC for each cell NS-VC Own BVC for each cell
DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier (FR address) FR Bearer Channel Physical Link (= PCM TSL)
BVC 0 for signalling NS-VC Own BVC for each cell NS-VC Own BVC for each cell
NSE
NS-VC DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier (FR address) Load Sharing FR Bearer Channel Physical Link (= PCM TSL)
NSE = (PCU)
SGSN
BVC = BSSGP Virtual Connection BSSGP = Base Station Subsystem GPRS Protocol NSE = Network Service Entity NS-VC = Network Service Virtual Connection FR = Frame Relay
BSC
10
Id Unique in NSE
Gb Interface Review
Logical Structure
DLCI_16 DLCI_17 NS-VCI_2
BSS 1
SGSN
PAPU 1
NSEI_1
BVCI_0 BVCI_3 NS-VCI_7 NS-VCI_2
PCU 1 LA RA 1
BTS_3 BTS_6
BVCI_0
BVCI_3
Bearer Channel_2
DLCI_16 DLCI_17
PCU 2
NS-VCI_5 NSEI_2 BVCI_0 NS-VCI_8 BVCI_6 NS-VCI_3
NSEI_2 NS-VCI_5
BVCI_0 NS-VCI_8 BVCI_6
DLCI_18
Bearer Channel_3
DLCI_16
NS-VCI_3
DLCI_17
RA 2
BTS_8
PAPU 2
BVCI_8
BVCI_0 BVCI_22
PCU 3
NS-VCI_4 NSEI_3 NS-VCI_1 NS-VCI_11 BVCI_8
BTS_22
BVCI_0
BVCI_22
Bearer Channel_5
DLCI_16
BSS 2
NSEI_7
NS-VCI_6
PAPU 3
NSEI_7
BVCI_0 BVCI_22 NS-VCI_6 NS-VCI_9
DLCI_17
Bearer Channel_6
PCU 3
LA RA
BTS_22
BVCI_0
BSSGP NS FR
NS-VCI_9
BVCI_22
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Gb Interface Review
PCU
FR bearer channels run on PCM links (641984 kbit/s) Max. 4 NS-VCs configured on FR bearers (CIR of each 161984 kbit/s) CIR doesnt stand in relation to subscriber datarate / cell Max. 4 NS-VCs per NSE (PCU), and 256 NS-VCs per PAPU
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14
- range 16991
BEARER CHANNEL - capacity from 64 to 1984 Kbps (1 to 31 TS of an E1) in multiples of 64Kbps PAPU - supports up to 64 PCU per PAPU SGSN - number of NS-VCs in SGSN = number of DLCI (up to 256 per PAPU)
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Gb Inteface Planning
3 Sections of Gb Inteface Planning
BSC Planning - defining the number of active PCUs Frame Relay Link Planning Topology Planning
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Gb Inteface Planning
300
216
250
180
Overhead (%)
Ohmax
108 72 54 50.0 30.0 20.0 15.0 42 11.7 36 27 10.0 7.5 21 5.9 4.0 3.0 14 11 9 2.4 7 2.0
50 0
OHmi n
100 150 200 256 300 400 512 750 1000 1250 1500
Packet length (octets)
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Gb Inteface Planning
EIR=0 CIR
Discarded data Burst Margin, 100 -X% Actual traffic load, X % time
Packet data traffic is bursty in nature Nokia PCU implements a Static Frame Relay Data above the CIR is discarded (EIR = 0) CIR calculation should include burst margin
18 NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning
BSC Dimensioning
PSA20 PSFP
ET5C
CLOC
CLAC
ET5C
ET5C
MCMU
MCMU
BCSU
WDDC
BCSU
BCSU
PCU controls cells, not TRXs like BCSU PCU does not handle the same TRXs as the BCSU where it is located
BCSU
BCSU
OMU
BCSU
BCSU
ET5C
ET5C
PCU HW
in every BCSU
BCSU
BCSU
ET5C
ET5C
ET5C cartridges
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BSC Dimensioning
1. Each BSC in GPRS coverage area has to contain at least one active PCU (minimum
requirement)
2. PCU can supports 256 TCHs 3. PCU Data processing capacity is 2 Mbit/s
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BSC Dimensioning
Input Calculations
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Result
Take the biggest of the results above, I.e. 10 active PCUs required in total
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1. At least two 64 kbit/s channels per BSC is recommended (due to bursty nature of
data)
2. At least one 64 kbit/s channel per active PCU 3. Dimensioning is based on estimated GPRS traffic during the Busy Hour, + the estimated protocol overhead on the Gb interface traffic + margin for bursting
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Gb Link Dimensioning
Calculations
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Take the bigger of the results above, I.e. 290 links ( 64 kbit/s) required in total (equals to 10 E1 PCM links)
Result
SGSN Dimensioning
DX 200 SGSN
PDFU 1 CL BU 0 CL BU 1
SGAC
PDFU 0 PDFU 1 0 PDFU 0 CL SU 1 SMMU 0 2
SGBC
One fully equipped SGSN element has the following design targets concerning connectivity: 120 physical 2Mbps E1-PCMs PCMs are freely selectable between Gb-interface and SS7 based interfaces (Gs, Gr, Gd, Gf) 96 SS7 signalling links (24 per SMMU) 1024 64kbps Frame Relay links for Gb-interface use (64 in each PAPU) E.g 100 BSCs each having 8x64kbps Gb-interface connection could be connected into one SGSN 16 100-baseTX Ethernet connections for Gn-interface use (one in each PAPU) Maximum of 16 000 Routing Areas, 2 000 Location Areas
PAPU 0
GSW 0
GSW 1
SMMU 1
MCHU 0
SD MCHU 0
SD MCHU 1
OMU 0
SD OMU 0
SD OMU 1
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SGSN Dimensioning
Basic Unit
Extension Units
SGSN can be configured in four steps. The right configuration level for each case is determined by the dimensioning rules.
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Gb Interface Dimensioning
BSC
SGS N
4 PAPUs, 1 SMMU
BSC
4 PAPUs, 1 SMMU
BSC
4 PAPUs, 1 SMMU
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29
30
31
32
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
City A City B City C City D City E City F City G City H City I City J City K City L Total
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SGSN area 1 SGSN area 2 SGSN area 3 SGSN area 4 SGSN area 5
City 1 Cities 2 and 3 Cities 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 Cities 9, 10, 11 and 12 Cities 13 and 14
Attached Subs Active Subs 2 PDP Contexts 1 PDP Context Mean PDP / sub PDCH per cell CS2 (Kbps) thru per cell (Kbps) traf_sub (KBytes BH) Overhead thru_sub (Kbytes BH) thru_sub (Kbps) SGSN fill rate
100% 50% 50% 50% 1.5 3 13.4 40.2 50 25% 62.5 142.22 70%
SGSN Areas 2001 AREA 1 2001 AREA 2 2001 AREA 3 2001 AREA 4 2001 AREA 5 2002 AREA 1 2002 AREA 2 2002 AREA 3 2002 AREA 4 2002 AREA 5
GPRS Subs 19 500 28 850 33 750 14 750 19 250 49 200 52 440 57 600 49 800 55 800
Attached GPRS Subs 19 500 28 850 33 750 14 750 19 250 49 200 52 440 57 600 49 800 55 800
Active GPRS Subs 9 750 14 425 16 875 7 375 9 625 24 600 26 220 28 800 24 900 27 900
Active PDP Contexts 14 625 21 638 25 313 11 063 14 438 36 900 39 330 43 200 37 350 41 850
GPRS Traffic (Mbps) 1.39 2.05 2.40 1.05 1.37 3.50 3.73 4.10 3.54 3.97
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1.39 3.50
19 500 49 200
CALCULATION RESULTS PCU (Active) PCU (Hardware) Gb Interface Functionality SGSN PAPU (Active) PAPU (Hardware) SMMU 2001 18 162 22 1 4 4 1 2002
57 10 12 3
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Bits 3 4 TS 0 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29
5 2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30
7 3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31 3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31 3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
TSs 25-31 can carry Frame Relay traffic (to the Gb interface).
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Time Slot allocation of a dedicated E1 signal for carrying the Gb / Frame Relay traffic to the SGSN.
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2 Mbit/s
2 Mbit/s
Three cartridge sizes: 20 T (four units) 40 T (eight units) 19 Subrack (sixteen units) 40-port DN 2 uses two subracks and interconnecting cables
CH
CH
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PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY - 1
BSC Abis Transcoders MUX MUX MSC MSC/SGSN site
Ater
BSC Abis
E1 PCM (Ater + Frame Relay) SGSN Ethernet Switch GGSN #1 Frame Relay Gb-int. BSC
GGSN #2
Abis
Voice and Data Traffic are multiplexed on the same physical connection as used for the GSM traffic on the Ater interface
39 NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning
PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY - 2
BSC Abis Transcoders MUX Dedicated E1/ PCM for BSC Abis E1 PCM for Ater traffic Frame Relay Gb-int. BSC Abis Frame Relay traffic SGSN Ethernet Switch GGSN #1 GGSN #2 MUX Ater MSC/SGSN site
MSC
PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY - 3
MSC/SGSN Site 1
Transcoders MSC
Ater
SGSN Ethernet Switch GGSN #1 GGSN #2
MUX
Abis
MSC/SGSN Site 2
BSC Transcoders MSC
Abis
Ater
PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY - 4
MSC/SGSN Site 1 Transcoders MUX SGSN 1 SERVICE AREA Abis BSC ADM ADM Ater MSC
SGSN
Abis
BSC
ADM
MSC
SGSN 2 SERVICE AREA SGSN Frame Relay Gb-int. Ethernet Switch GGSN #1 GGSN #2
For large capacity networks such as SDH networks Separate E1s for Ater and Frame Relay traffic
42 NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning
PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY - 5
MSC/SGSN site
Abis
BSC
Transcoders
MSC
BSC
BSC
FR Switch
FR Switch
Gb Interface
GPRS traffic is concentrated and carried e.g. in a packet data network over the Gb interface
43 NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning
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Nortel BSS - Nokia SGSN interoperability tests not complete enough Tests were carried out with one NSE/bearer channel so the full capability of Nokia SGSN was not tested Nokia SGSN supports several NSEs per bearer channel Blu in Italy, upto 5 NSEs/bearer channel Depending in the FR capabilities of the PCU in question, Nokia may deploy different FR solutions
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Solution
Nokia and Nortel together implement the technical solutions proposed in the following slides in the Dutchtone network Both vendors will document the test results for Dutchtone and for their own interoperability
documentation
Nokia proposes to take an action point to Carry out the interoperability test with Nortel in the Dutchtone network Fully document the SGSN Frame Relay capabilities Changes to SGSN software or Change Deliveries would not de-activate the solution in future
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NSVC_1
NSE1 NS-VC1
BEARER CH. 1
DLCI_16 E1 BSC 2 DLCI_17 BSC 2 CIR (31 - n) x64 kbps E1 CIR n x64 kbps
NSE2 NS-VC2
Remarks: A Bearer channel can be associated to several NSEs, channel rate n x 64 Kbps Bearer channel minimum rate = 64 Kbps EIR set to null Maximum 50 NS-VCs/bearer channel If NS-VCs are terminated into same PAPU, they can be carried over same bearer channels
51 NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning
BEARER CH. 1
DLCI_16 E1 BSC 2
BEARER CH. 2
BSC 2
NSE2 NS-VC1
DLCI_17
CIR
Remarks: A Bearer channel can be associated to several NSEs, channel rate n x 64 Kbps Bearer channel minimum rate = 64 Kbps EIR set to null Maximum 50 NS-VCs/bearer channel If NS-VCs are terminated into different PAPUs, they have to be carried over separate bearer channels
52 NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning
Typical Gb
SGSN NORTEL PCU BSC 1
PAPU_1 NSE1 NSVC_1 NSE2 NSVC_2 CIR (31 - n) x64 kbps E1 CIR n x64 kbps PAPU_2 E1 BEARER CH. 3 DLCI_20 DLCI_21 NSE3 NSVC_3 NSE4 NSVC_4
BSC 1
NSE1 NS-VC1 BSC 2
E1
BSC 2
NSE2 NS-VC2
BSC 3
BSC 3
NSE3 NS-VC3
BSC 4 BSC 4 NSE4 NS-VC4 BSC 5 BSC 5 NSE5 NS-VC5 REMARKS: About 1/2 E1 required per BSC PAPU processing capacity 3 Mbps -> 1 BSC can be connected into same PAPU, each occupying 15 x 64 k FR
NSE5 NSVC_5 PAPU_3 NSE6 NSVC_6
BSC 6
BSC 6
NSE6 NS-VC6
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Gb with Redundancy
NORTEL PCU BSC 1 BSC 1
E1 BEARER CH. 1 DLCI_16 NSVC_1 NSVC_2 E1 DLCI_17 BEARER CH. 2 DLCI_18 E1 E1
SGSN
PAPU_1
NSE1
NSVC_1 NSVC_2
NSE2
NSVC_3 NSVC_4
NSE1
BSC 2 BSC 2
DLCI_19
NSE2
NSVC_3 NSVC_4
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SGSN
One PAPU
FR links
BSC BSC1 is connected with 2 FR links while BSC2 has one FR link connection
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22 TS = 22*64kbps
E1(1) CIR 4 x64 kbps SGSN PAPU_1 NSE1 NSE3 NSVC_3/4
PCU-2
BEARER CH. 2
DLCI_17
6 TS = 6*64kbps
BSC 2 1 BSCU
PCU-1
NSVC_5/6
BEARER CH.3
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Overview of the network output BC Bearer channel = 8 TS = 8*64kbps = Bearer channel = 8 TS = 8*64kbps =
512kbps 512kbps
BSC 1 2 BCSUs
BEARER CH. 1 PCU-1
PCU-2
BEARER CH. 2
DLCI_17
NSVC_5/6
BEARER CH.3
BSC 2 1 BSCU
PCU-1
NSE1 NSVC_1 /2
BSC 1 2 BCSUs
PCU-2
BEARER CH. 2
DLCI_17
NSVC_5/6
BEARER CH.3
PCU-1
DLCI_16 E1(1) E1(1) CIR DLCI_17 CIR 3 x64 kbps (31 - n) x64 kbps
NSVC_5/6
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BSC 1 2 BCSUs
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
PCU-1
PCU-2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
BSC 2 1 BSCU
PCU-1
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GSM architecture
Air Interface Abis Interface
BSC
Ater Interface
BSS
A Interface
TC
NSS
BTS
TCSM
Ater Interface
NMS
O&M Interface
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