CONJUNCTIVITIS

Presented by Ms Sasmita Ghimire

INTRODUCTION

DEFINITION
Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva (the outermost layer of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids). It is most commonly due to an infection (usually viral, but sometimes bacterial) or an allergic reaction

CLASSIFICATION
Allergic conjunctivitis Bacterial conjunctivitis Viral conjunctivitis Chemical conjunctivitis Neonatal conjunctivitis

CAUSES
Viral infection- Adenoviruses, Herpes simplex viruses, Enteroviruses. Bacterial infections- Staphylococcus aureus, Hemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae Allergies like dust, pollen. Other irritants- Shampoos, dirt, smoke.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Invasion of bacteria, Secretion of exotoxins which represent foreign antigens Induce an antigen-antibody immune reaction Inflammation.

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Blurred vision Crusts that form on the eyelid overnight Eye pain Gritty feeling in the eyes Increased tearing Itching of the eye Redness in the eyes Sensitivity to light

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
History collection. Examination of the eyes. Swab of conjunctiva for analysisSwabs for bacterial culture are necessary if the history and signs suggest bacterial conjunctivitis, but there is no response to topical antibiotics. Conjunctiva scrapes for cytology can be useful in detecting chlamydial and fungal infecti ons, allergy and dysplasia.

PREVENTION
Don't touch or rub the infected eye(s). Wash your hands often with soap and warm water. Wash any discharge from your eyes several times a day using a fresh cotton ball or paper towel. Afterwards, discard the cotton ball or paper towel and wash your hands with soap and warm water. Wash your bed linens, pillowcases, and towels in hot water and detergent.

Avoid wearing eye makeup. Don't share eye makeup with anyone. Never wear another person's contact lenses. Wear eyeglasses instead of contact lenses. Throw away disposable lenses or be sure to clean extended wear lenses and all eyewear cases. Avoid sharing common articles such as unwashed towels and glasses.

Wash your hands after applying the eye drops or ointment to your eye or your child's eye. Do not use eye drops that were used for an infected eye in a non-infected eye. If your child has bacterial or viral pinkeye, keep your child home from school or day care until he or she is no longer contagious. It's usually safe to return to school when symptoms have been resolved; however, it's important to continue practicing good hygiene just to be sure.

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
ALLERGIC - Pour cool water -In severe cases- NSAIDS, Antihistamines( azelastine and antazoline) Topical corticosteroids

BACTERIAL - Resolves without treatment. - Antibiotics- Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin and Gentamycin.

Chemical Irrigation with saline water

VIRAL Antiviral drugs - Aciclovir

NURSING MANAGEMENT
Acute pain related to inflammation of conjunctiva. Disturbed sensory perception related to changes in visual acquity. Risk of injury related to limits of vision. Knowledge deficit regarding the therapeutic management.

CONCLUSION

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